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Spinal Anatomy > VERTEBRAL COLUMN/SPINAL COLUMN - basic embryology > Flashcards

VERTEBRAL COLUMN/SPINAL COLUMN - basic embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the embryo called?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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2
Q

Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive streak gives rise to what embryonic structure?

A

notochord

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3
Q

What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column?

A

paraxial mesoderm

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4
Q

What does paraxial mesoderm give rise to that will form the vertebral column?

A

somites

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5
Q

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite

A

sclerotome, myotome and dermatome

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6
Q

what part of the somite will give rise to the vertebral column?

A

sclerotome

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7
Q

List, in order, the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development?

A

membranous, cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous

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8
Q

Migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?

A

the perichordal blastema

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9
Q

The perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes?

A

neural processes and costal processes

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10
Q

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae?

A

intersegmental artery

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11
Q

Cell proliferation within the perichordal blastema will result in what features?

A

a loose cranial scerotomite and a dense caudal sclerotomite

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12
Q

What forms between the sclerotomies of a periochordal blastema

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of von Ebner)

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13
Q

The intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of von Ebner) gives rise to what developmental feature?

A

the perichordal disc

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14
Q

The perichordal disc in the presumptive location of what adult feature?

A

the intervertebral disc

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15
Q

What is the earliest embryonic feature that will identify the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of von Ebner)

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16
Q

The union of a dense caudal scerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent periochordal blastemae gives rise to what feature?

A

the vertebral blastema

17
Q

What vessel will be identified adjacent to the vertebral blastema?

A

the segmental artery

18
Q

when will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema?

A

beginning in the 6th embryonic week

19
Q

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

A

chondrification

20
Q

Chondrification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

A

the cervical region

21
Q

What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema?

A

centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

22
Q

How many centers of chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema?

A

six: 2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arch, 2 for each transverse process

23
Q

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebra?

A

during the 7th embryonic week

24
Q

Ossification begins in which region of the embryonic vertebral column?

A

the lower cervical upper thoracic region

25
Q

What is the name given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

26
Q

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

3 primary centers: 5 secondary centers

27
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

centrum centers and neural arch centers

28
Q

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?

A

three: 1 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches

29
Q

What is the classification of the joint forming between primary centers of ossification?

A

cartilage synchondrosis/amphiarthrosis synchondrosis

30
Q

What are the names of the synchondroses forming between primary centers of ossification in the typical vertebra?

A

neurocentral synchondrosis and neural arch synchondrosis

31
Q

What are the names of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebra?

A

tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

32
Q

How many secondary centers of ossification appear in the typical vertebra?

A

five: 1 for the tip of each transverse process, 1 for the tip of the spinous process, 1 for each epiphyseal plate

33
Q

What are the names of the synchondroses forming between secondary centers of ossification and the rest of the typical vertebra?

A

tip of the transverse process synchondrosiss, tip of the spinous process synchondrosis, and epiphyseal ring synchondrosis

34
Q

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebra?

A

during puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old

Spinal Anatomy (27 decks)

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