Vertebral Column/Pelvis

Question 1

Movements of the Pelvis

Answer 1

FORWARD TILT is a movement that may be viewed as an o inferior movement of the pubic symphysis or o as an anterior movement of the ilium in the sagittal plane. o Keep in mind that the pelvis moves as on unit. Extension/hyperextension of the lumbar vertebrae occurs when the pelvis is tilted forward. BACKWARD TILT is a pelvic movement that may be viewed as a superior movement of the pubic symphysis or as a posterior movement of the ilium in the sagittal plane. o For some people it may be important to maintain a backward tilt of the pelvis during supine abdominal exercises. o The backward (or posterior) tilt maintains the lumbar in a neutral position rather than in a extended/hyperextended position which may be considered a contraindicated or compromised position. LATERAL TILT is a frontal plane action in which one lateral side of the hip (ilium) moves upward and the other moves downward. This might occur when standing on an uneven surface, or if you were to step sideways up or down a stair.

Question 2

MOVEMENTS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Answer 2

Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation

Question 3

What kind of joint is the vertebral column?

Answer 3

The vertebral column is triaxial with movements occurring in all three planes of action. When you look at motions of the vertebral column you must be aware that you may see either the neck (head) moving, or the trunk moving, or both.

Question 4

Flexors of the vertebral column

Answer 4

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID O: manubrium and medial clavicle I: mastoid process

SCALENI O: C3-C7 (transverse processes) I: ribs 1 and 2

RECTUS ABDOMINUS O: pubic bone I: xiphoid process, ribs 5 through 7

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE O: ribs 5 through 12 I: iliac crest, pubic crest A: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation, compression

INTERNAL OBLIQUE O: anterior and middle iliac crest, fascia in back by thoraco-lumbar I: ribs 9 through 12, linea alba, xiphoid process

Question 5

Extensors of the vertebral column

Answer 5

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP

O: vertebrae, ilium, sacrum

I: vertebrae, ribs

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

O: posterior iliac crest

I: rib 12 and L1-L4

Question 6

Lateral Flexors of Vertebral Column

Answer 6

all except the abdominus rectus

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
O: manubrium and medial clavicle
I: mastoid process
SCALENI
O: C3-C7 (transverse processes)
I: ribs 1 and 2
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
O: posterior iliac crest
I: rib 12 and L1-L4

ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP

O: vertebrae, ilium, sacrum

I: vertebrae, ribs

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM (extensor)

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
O: ribs 5 through 12
I: iliac crest, pubic crest
A: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation, compression
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
O: anterior and middle iliac crest, fascia in back by thoraco-lumbar
I: ribs 9 through 12, linea alba, xiphoid process

Question 7

Compressors of the Vertebral column

Answer 7

Rectus Abdominis

O: pubic bone

I: xiphoid process, ribs 5 through 7

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

O: lower ribs, lumbodorsal fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

I: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis, inguinal ligament

A: compression (raises intra-abdominal pressure and assistant in forced expiration)

EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL OBLIQUES

Question 8

Rotators of the Vertebral Column

Answer 8

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
O: manubrium and medial clavicle
I: mastoid process
SCALENI
O: C3-C7 (transverse processes)
I: ribs 1 and 2
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
O: ribs 5 through 12
I: iliac crest, pubic crest

INTERNAL OBLIQUE
O: anterior and middle iliac crest, fascia in back by thoraco-lumbar
I: ribs 9 through 12, linea alba, xiphoid process

Question 9

Muscles that elevate ribs

Answer 9

SCALENI

O: C3-C7 (transverse processes)

I: ribs 1 and 2

A: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation, elevates ribs