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ANAT 315 - ARI > Vertebral Column (lec 3) > Flashcards

Vertebral Column (lec 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Typical number
(mode) of vertebrae

A

33, but ranges ~32-34

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2
Q

of cervical v.

A

7 (C1-C7) ~NECK

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3
Q

of thoracic vertebrae

A

12 Thoracic v. (T1-T12) ~CHEST/RIBCAGE

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4
Q

of lumbar vertebrae

A

5 Lumbar v. (L1-L5) ~LOWER BACK

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5
Q

of vertebrae in the sacrum

A

5 fused sacral v. 1-5)

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6
Q

of vertebrae in the coccyx

A

(3-5 fused coccygeal v. 1-4)

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7
Q

type of vertebrae

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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8
Q

of normal curvature in sagittal plane in adults

A

4

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9
Q

when the primary curvatures originate

A

‘kyphosis’, originate in embryonic/fetal development (in all vertebrates)

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10
Q

other name for primary curvatures

A

kyphosis

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11
Q

where are the primary courvature (B)

A
  • thoracic and sacral part of the vertebral column
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12
Q

other name fore the secondary curvatures

A

lordosis

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13
Q

when the secondary curvatures is developed

A

in early postnatal growth

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14
Q

are the secondary curvatures are unique to the humans

A

yes

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15
Q

which part of the vertebral column have a secondary curvature (d)

A

cervical and lumbar

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16
Q

what are the functions of the secondary lordoses (lumbar and cervical)

A

keep the body’s center
of mass (head/trunk) aligned
over the feet, reducing muscle
effort required to stand up

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17
Q

what’s increase a misalignment of the vertebral column

A

back/neck
muscle work and strain on the
vertebrae/disks

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18
Q

misalignments of the vertebral column is due to _ ?

A

abnormal
curvatures

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19
Q

the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae

A
  • Bifid (split) Spinous Process
  • Large Triangular Vertebral Foramen
  • Transverse Foramina (with the vertebral artery)
  • Uncinate processes: hook-shaped processes on the superior surface of the vertebral bodies of C3-C7
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20
Q

what is the content of the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae

A

the vertebral artery

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21
Q

the shape of the cervical vertebrae foramen

A

large triangular

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22
Q

which vertebrae have uncinate processes

A

C3-C7

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23
Q

where are the uncinate processes

A

on the superior surface of the vertebral bodies

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24
Q

name of C1

A

Atlas

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25
Q

name of C2

A

Axis

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26
Q

characteristics of the atlas (C1)

A
  • posterior and anterior arch
  • no body
  • lateral masses
  • superior articulation facets
27
Q

the superior articular facets articulates with which part of the body

A

with the skull

28
Q

what pass trough the Altas

A

the dens of the axis

29
Q

characteristics of axis (C2)

A

have a dens

30
Q

characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

A
  • circular vertebral foramen
  • heart-shaped vertebral body
  • facets for rib attachment
  • long, narrow, sloped spinous process
31
Q

characteristic of the Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

A
  • smaller triangular vertebral foramen
  • kidney-shaped vertebral body (bigger than the thoracic vertebral body)
  • short, wide spinous process
32
Q

the shape of the thoracic body

A

heart-shaped

33
Q

why the thoracic vertebrae have facets

A

to attach to the ribs

34
Q

the characteristics of the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae

A

long, narrow and sloped

35
Q

shaped of the vertebral foramen of the thoracic vertebrae

A

circular

36
Q

the shape of the vertebral foramen of the lumbar vertebrae

A

small triangle

37
Q

the shape of the vertebral body of the lumbar vertebrae

A

kidney

38
Q

characteristics of the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae

A

short + wide

39
Q

function of the condylar joints

A

nodding, head flexion and extension, minimal lateral F/E, axial rotation

40
Q

the function of the alar ligaments

A

secure the dens to the skull

41
Q

function of the cruciform ligament

A

longitudinal fibers supporting the dens

42
Q

the functions of the transverse ligament

A

encircles the dens and keeps it against the
anterior arch of C1, turns that articulation into a pivot joint

43
Q

classification of the intervertebral joints

A

Solid: Symphysis Joint
(bone-fibrocartilage-bone)

44
Q

the function of the uncovertebral joints

A

Guide flexion/extension of cervical
spine while limiting lateral flexion

45
Q

disc herniation

A

Progressive protrusion of the
nucleus pulposus through weak
spots in the annulus fibrosus,
most often in lumbar region.
Creates nerve impingement =
pain, numbness, tingling

46
Q

where happen the disc herniation most of the time

A

lumbar region

47
Q

role of the zygapophyseal joints in the cervical spine

A
  • Transverse orientation
  • (esp. C1-C2)
  • Axial rotation, some F/E
48
Q

role of the zygapophyseal joints in the thoracic spine

A
  • Coronal orient.
  • Axial rotation
  • Some F/E, lat F/E
49
Q

role of the zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar region

A
  • Sagittal orient.
  • Lateral F/E
  • Some F/E
50
Q

classification of the zygapophyseal joints

A

Synovial, Plane/Gliding

51
Q

the zygapophyseal joints paired what

A

articulation between facets on
Superior and Inferior articular process

52
Q

the movement of the zygapophyseal joint

A

Each zygapophyseal joint pair on its own has limited movement, but the sum of
these small movements makes for a greater ROM for the spine

53
Q

what’s movement of the vertebral column are possible

A

Sagittal F/E, lateral F/E, and axial rotation possible at all joints/segments

54
Q

movement of the cervical, lumbar and thoracic spine

A

E/F

55
Q

movement of the lumbar spine

A

Lateral F/E

56
Q

mmovement of the cervical spine

A

rotation of head and neck

57
Q

movement of the thoracic spine

A

rotation of upper trunk

58
Q

what’s the function of the ligaments of the vertebral column

A
  • Ligaments that reinforce joints but also keep motions in check.
59
Q

where are the A/P longitudinal ligaments

A

run the length of the vertebral column
along anterior and posterior borders of the vertebral bodies

60
Q

function of the inter transverse ligament

A

Extending between transverse
processes of adjacent vertebrae

61
Q

function of the ligaments flavour

A

Extending between laminae of
adjacent vertebrae

62
Q

Spinal lordoses (evolution)

A

align center of mass
of a biped over its feet

63
Q

evolution

A

Increased size of vertebral bodies
from superior to inferior

ANAT 315 - ARI (7 decks)

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