Back and neck muscles (lec 5) Flashcards
Extrinsic muscles (types of muscles)
- superficiel mucles
primary function of extrinsic muscles
movement of the upper limb
innervation of the extrinsic muscles
Anterior rami of spinal nerves
Attachement site of the intrinsic muscles of the back
vertebrae or ribs
the primary function of the intrinsic muscle of the back
movement and support of the vertebral column
innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the back
postériori rami of spinal nerves
muscles of the #1 layer (superficial) of the extrinsic muscles
- latissimus dorsi
- Trapezius
origine of the latissimus dorsi
T7-T12 spinous process thoracolumbar fascia, ilium
insertion of the latissimus dorsi
intertubercular groove of humerus
Function of the Latissimus dorsi
Primary at shoulder
- in back: bilateral function - spine extension
- in back: unilateral function - ipsilateral (same side), lateral flexion of lumbar spine
innervation of the latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal n. (C6-C8)
- limb mucle, but synergist of other back muscles
the shape of the trapezius
diamond
the origin of the trapezius
back of skull, spinous processes C7-T12, nuchal ligament
insertion of the trapezius
scapula
function of the trapezius (with fixed scapula)
- bilateral function: neck extension
- unilateral funcition: ipsilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral: rotation of the cervical spine
innervation of the trapezius
accessory spinal n.
Function of the trapezius (with fixed scapula)
- bilateral function: neck extension
-unilateral function: ipsilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral: rotation of the cervical spine
innervation of the trapezius
accessory spinal n.
origin of the elevator scapulae
cervical spine
ins of the levator scapulae
superior/medial border of scapula
fonction of the levator scapulae
primary movement of scapula
secondary: movement at cervical spine (neck)
-unilateral - ipsilateral, lateral flexion of cervical spine
- bilateral - extension of cervical spine
innervation of the levator scapula
C3-C5
the shaped of the rhomboid major and minor
like rhomboids
orig of the rhomboid
cervical and thoracic spine
ins of the rhomboid
inferomedial border of the scapula
funcition of the rhomboid
none in back, movement of the scapula
innervation of the rhomboid
Dorsal scapular (C5)
orig of the serratus posterior superior
nuchal ligament, SP of C7 to T4
ins of the serratus posterior superior
superior border of ribs 1-4
function of the serratus posterior superior
elevation of upper ribs
innervation of the serratus posterior superior
T2-T5 (anterior rami)
orgie of the serratus posterior inferior
thoracolumbar fascia and SPs of T11-T12
ins of the serratus posterior inferior
Inferior border ribs (8/9)-12
function of the serratus posterior inferior
depression of lower ribs
innervation of the serratus posterior inferior
T9-T12 (anterior rami)
Intrinsics – Intermediate – Erector spinae
3 parallel columns, from lateral to
medial: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
I Like Standing
- Iliocostalis
-Longissimus - Spinalis
origins of liocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
Sacrum/ilium, spinous processes
insertion of the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
ribs (I/L), transverse processes
(L), spinous processes (S)
function of the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
• Bilateral: extension of the spine
• Unilateral: lateral flexion of spine (esp.
iliocostalis)
innervation of the Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
posterior/dorsal rami of
adjacent spinal nerves
fascia
tissue
fascia at the end of iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Deep - Transversospinalis
- Semispinalis
- Multifidus
- rotatores
Semispinalis
Some extension of the
head (capitis)
Multifidus
Most prominent in
lumbar region
Orig.: Transversospinalis
Transverse processes
Insert.:Transversospinalis
Spinous processes
Function(s Transversospinalis
bilateral: extension
of spine, unilateral: contralateral
rotation of spine
innervation Transversospinalis
posterior rami
rotatores (2)
longus
brevis
splenius (2 parts)
Capitis: nuchal lig. + SP C7-T2, to
skull (mastoid process)
Cervicis: SemisPinalis of T3-T6 to TP of C1-C3
function splenius
Bilateral: extension of the spine
• Unilateral: ipsilateral lateral
flexion and rotation of the head
and cervical spine (shaking head)
innervation Splenius
Posterior rami of
cervical nerves
Suboccipital muscles – posture/motion of head
- Rectus capitis posterior (‘straight of head’)
-Obliquus capitis (‘oblique of head’)
Rectus capitis posterior (‘straight of head’)
-(1) R.c. minor (posterior C1 to occiput)
• (2) R.c. major (SP of C2 to occiput)
• Extension (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion of
head, ipsilateral rotation of head (major)
Obliquus capitis (‘oblique of head’)
(3) O.c. superior (TP of C1 to occiput)
• (4) O.c. inferior (SP of C2 to TP of C1)
• Extension (bilateral), and ipsilateral flexion of
head, ipsilateral rotation of head (inferior)
borders Suboccipital Triangle
Rectus capitis posterior
major (sup.), obliquus
capitis superior (lat.), and
obliquus inferior (inf.)
Contents Suboccipital Triangle
- Vertebral artery
• Posterior ramus of C1 –
suboccipital nerve, to all
suboccipital muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
- sternum
- clavicle
- mastoid process
function Sternocleidomastoid
- Bilateral: extension of the
head/neck; flexion of the neck (inferior
cervical vertebrae - sternal head) - Unilateral: contralateral rotation,
ipsilateral lateral flexion
Innervation: Sternocleidomastoid
Spinal accessory n.
Rectus capitis lateralis
(TP atlas to
occiput), ipsilateral head flexion
Rectus capitis anterior
TP atlas to occiput
ipsilateral rotation, flexion
Longus capitis
(TP cervical verts
to occiput), head flexion
Longus colli
(body C/T verts to
body or TP cervical verts),
bilateral: neck flexion, ipsilateral
flexion of cervical spine (~neck)
Scalenes (3 parts):
TPs
of cervical vertebrae C2-
C7 to first rib (anterior and
middle scalenes) or second
rib (posterior scalene)
Function: elevate ribs (A,
resp.) OR flex cervical
spine (B, bilateral), and
lateral flexion of cervical
spine (ipsilateral)
innervation scalenes
anterior rami
C3-C8
innervation Neck – Deep anterior 1
anterior rami
C1-C3
