Vertebral column and spinal cord Flashcards
What vertebra does the spinal cord consist of?
33 total
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacrum (fused)
4 coccyx (fused)
Can This Little Servant Cook
How does spinal cord end?
Medullary cone
Filum terminale
Label
What is vertebra prominent?
Uppermost spinous process on 7th cervical vertebra
When does spinal cord end adults/child?
Adult- L1/L2
Children L3
What are 4 curvatures on spine?
1) Cervical curvature
2) Thoracic curvature
3) Lumbar curvature
5) Pelvic curvature
State 4 movements vertebral column?
1) Flexion- 40
2) Extension- 15
3) Lateral flexion- 30
4) Rotation- 40
Where is rotation most?
Thoracic
Limited lumbar
Where is flexion and extension limited? Why?
Thoracic- presence rib cage
What allows movement between vertebra?
Intervertebral discs
What 2 parts of intervertebral disc?
Nucleus pulposus
Anulus fibrosus
How many pair spinal nerve present?
How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal?
31
Cervical- 8
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacral- 5
Coccygeal- 1
How do spinal nerves leave vertebral canal?
Intervertebral foramen
What is:
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Cauda equina
Conus medullaris- tapering end of the cord.
Filum terminale- fibrous strand extend from conus medullaris to coccyx
Cauda equina- nerves from lower part of the cord hang down
What is end spinal cord?
Conus medullaris
What is end spinal cord?
Conus medullaris
What is intercristal plane?
L3-L4 interspace
Between highest points iliac crest both sides
Spinocerebellar tracts which is ventral? which dorsal?
COVID
Contralateral is ventral
Ipsilateral is dorsal
How many pairs thoracic nerves present?
12
Does the spinal cord extend entire length adult vertebral column?
Where end in adults?
No
During development vertebral column grows faster than spinal
Spinal cord end adult- L1/L2
What does dorsal root of spinal nerve carry?
What does ventral root of spinal nerve carry?
Dorsal- sensory
Ventral- motor
What does the ligamentum flavum connect?
Adjacent laminae
Where do radicular arteries enter vertebral canal?
Intervertebral foramina
Define dermatome?
Thumb
Nipple line
Umbilicus
Knee
Big toe
Area skin supplies by single spinal nerve
a) Thumb: C6
b) Nipple line: T4
c) Umbilicus: T10
d) Knee: L3
e) Big toe: L5
What is arterial supply to spinal cord?
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Name 2 parts intervertebral discs?
Nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus
What do spinal nerves pass through?
Intervertebral foramina
Lies pedicles of adjoining vertebrae
What are common signs BSQ syndrome?
Ipsilateral UMN weakness below lvl lesion- sev cortico
Ipsilateral loss proprioception and vibration
Contralateral lost pain and temp- sev spinothalam
4 functions of vertebral column?
1) Protection- enclose and protect spinal cord
2) Support- carry weight body
3) Axis- form central axis
4) Movement- posture and movement
In thoracic vertebrae what do transverse process articulate with?
Ribs
Function lamina?
Connect transverse and spinous process
What connects vertebral body to transverse process?
Pedicles
Label colour
What are C1 and C2 called?
Why different?
C1- atlas
C2- axis
Allow movement head
What are 3 features cervical vertebrae?
1) Bifid spinous process (C1 none)
2) Open transverse foramen
3) Triangular vertebral foramen
Smallest
How identify thoracic?
Medium size
Demi facets- articulate ribs
Costal facet- shaft rib
Vertebral foramen- circular
How identify lumbar?
Largest
No transverse foramina or bifid spinous
Triangular shape vertebral foramina
What is projecting bony element on C2? (Axis)
Dens
How are vertebrae connected?
Articular facets
How vertebral bodies indirectly articulated each other?
Intervertebral discs
What type joints are vertebral body joints?
Cartilaginous joints
Name vert
Name vert
Name 3 ligaments strengthen spinal cord?
State function?
Ligamentum flavum- extend between lamina adj vert
Inter and supraspinous- join spinous process adj vert
inter- between process
supra- tips
Intertransverse ligaments
