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Neuroanatomy > General features > Flashcards

General features Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 cranial meninges?

A

1) Dura mater (line skull)
2) Arachnoid mater
3) Pia mater (line brain)

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2
Q

What are 2 layers of dura mater?

A

1) Endosteal (outer)
2) Meningeal (inner)

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3
Q

Which mater is invisible to naked eye?

A

Pia mater

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4
Q

State arterial supply to brain (3)?

A

1) Internal carotid system (pair of carotid arteries).
2) Vertebro-basilar system (pair of vertebral arteries).
3) Circle of Willis (association 2 systems)

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5
Q

State venous drainage of brain (2)?

A

1) Cerebral veins
2) Dural venous sinuses

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6
Q

Label

A
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7
Q

What are sulci?
What are gyri?

A

Sulci- grooves
Gyri- bumps

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8
Q

Function of cerebellum?

A

Motor control posture, muscle tone, movement co-ordination

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9
Q

Function occipital lobes?

A

Primary visual cortex

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10
Q

Where is primary somatosensory cortex located?
Function?

A

Parietal lobe- post central gyrus
Motor skills

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11
Q

Where is hippocampus and amygdala located?

A

Temporal lobe

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12
Q

Where is wernicke’s area located?
Where is broca’s area located?

A

Wernickes- temporal lobe, language comprehension
Brocas- frontal cortex, speech production

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13
Q

Patient know what say but can’t produce words what is damaged?
Where?

A

Broca’s area
Frontal cortex

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14
Q

Patient can produce words but doesn’t make sense?
Where?

A

Wernickes
Temporal lobe

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15
Q

Function and location of insula?

A

Deep lateral sulcus
Risk and reward

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

What connects the two hemispheres?

A

Corpus collosum

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18
Q

Label
Function?

A

Hypothalamus
Homeostasis

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19
Q

Label

A
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20
Q

label
especially broca wernicke

A
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21
Q
A
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22
Q

Function of parietal lobe?
Which colour

A

Process sensory info
Pink

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23
Q

Function frontal lobe?
What is found here?

A

Motor function
Brocas area- language- damaged limited words
Blue

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24
Q

Function temporal lobe?
What is found here?
Which colour?

A

Process auditory info
Wernickes- damaged can’t form sentences but understand
Auditory cortex
Purple

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25
Q

Where is auditory cortex found?
Which colour

A

Temporal lobe
Purple

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26
Q

Function occipital lobe?
Which colour

A

Primary visual and visual association cortex
Green

27
Q

Function of hippocampus?

A

Long term memory formation

28
Q

Function amygdala?

A

Reward and fear

29
Q

Label

A
30
Q

Where are dural venous sinuses located?

A

Between periosteal and meningeal layers

31
Q

Where do all dural venous sinuses ultimately drain?

A

Internal jugular vein

32
Q

Explain drainage brain?

A

1) Straight, superior and inferior saggital sinus converge at confluence of sinus
2) Transverse sinus curves into sigmoid which meets internal jugular vein

33
Q

Where is CSF located?

A

Subarachnoid space (cisterns)
Between arachnoid and pia

34
Q

Between which dura is CSF fluid found?

A

Subarachnoid space
Between arachnoid and pia

35
Q

Label

A
36
Q

What dura is involved in BBB?

A

Pia mater

37
Q

How is BBB adapted to function? (4)

A

1) Adjacent endothelial cells bonded tight junctions- prevent molecules passing between them
2) Basement membrane unfenestrated
3) Pericytes in BM- regulate capillary blood flow, immunity and vascular permeability
4) Astrocytes extend processes- restrict flow of molecules into CNS

38
Q

Function pericytes?

A

Regulate capillary blood flow, immunity and vascular permeability

39
Q

State meninges in order?

A

Dura (outside)
Arachnoid
Pia (inside)

DAP

40
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of meninges

41
Q

Where is extradural haemorage?
Where is subdural haemorrage?
Where is a subarachnoid haemorrage?

A

Extradural- skull and dura
Subdural- dura and arachnoid
Subarachnoid- arachnoid and pia mater

42
Q

What is most likely cause of berry aneurysm?

A

Subarachnoid haemorrage

43
Q

What 3 things make up BBB?

A

1) Endothelial cells of capillaries
2) Basement membrane-lie between endothelial cells and astrocytic end
3) Astrocytic end-feet themselves

44
Q

What prevents passage of substances from circulation into nervous tissue?

A

BBB

45
Q

How does arterial blood arrive to skull?

A

1) Internal carotid arteries (20%)
2) Vertebral artery (80%)

46
Q

Draw circle of willis?

A
47
Q

Why is circle of willis important?

A

If blockage at one point theoretically still supply

48
Q

What arteries supply blood to cerebrum? What bits

A

Anterior- medial
Middle- lateral
Posterior- medial and lateral posterior parts

49
Q

Outline venous drainage of brain?

A
50
Q

What are two types venous drainage?

A

Superficial and deep

51
Q

Outline superficial venous drainage?

A

Superior cerebral veins drains into superior saggital sinus

Superficial middle cerebral vein drain via anastomotic vein into superior saggital sinus, transverse sinus (middle), cavernous sinus (internal)

52
Q

Outline deep venous drainage?

A

Internal cerebral veins and basal veins unite form great cerebral vein
Great cerebral vein drains into straight sinus

53
Q

What 3 sinuses does the superficial middle cerebral vein drain into?

A

1) Superior saggital sinus
2) Transverse sinus (middle)
3) Cavernous sinus (internal)

54
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Choroid plexus
Lateral ventricles

55
Q

What is drainage of CSF?

A

1) Lateral ventricles
2) Munroe
3) Third ventricle
4) Cerebral aqueduct
5) Fourth ventricle

56
Q

Give 3 functions of CSF?

A

1) Protection- act cushion
2) Buoyancy
3) Chemical stability

57
Q

Label

A
58
Q

Label colour

A

Yellow- Putamen
Yellow end green- amygdala
Green- caudate nucleus
Blue- ventricles

59
Q

Label

A
60
Q

State pathway of CSF?

A

1) Lateral ventricle
2) Interventricular foramen of Munroe
3) Third ventricle
4) Cerebral aqueduct
5) Fourth ventricle
6) Median foramen magendie and lateral foramen of luschka (M is medial) (L is lateral)
7) Subarachnoid

61
Q
A
62
Q

Function arachnoid granulations?

A

Reabsorb CSF

63
Q

How is CSF reabsorbed?

A

Via arachnoid granulations

Neuroanatomy (13 decks)

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