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Anatomy I (material for Exam II) > Vertebral column > Flashcards

Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

How many Cervical vertebra are there

A

7

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2
Q

The cervical spine has a _____ curvature

A

Concave

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3
Q

The Thoracic spine has a ____ curvature

A

Convex

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4
Q

How many Thoracic vertebra are there

A

12

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5
Q

The lumber spine has a ____ curvature

A

Concave

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6
Q

How many lumbar vertebra are there

A

5

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7
Q

The sacrum has a ____ curvature

A

convex

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8
Q

The sacrum is composed of how many vertebra

A

5 fused vertebra

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9
Q

The coccyx is composed of how many vertebra

A

4 fused vertebra

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10
Q

The cervical and lumbar lordosis is about how many degrees

A

2 degrees

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11
Q

The thoracic and sacral kyphosis is about how many degrees

A

1 Degree

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12
Q

The supracristal plane (high points of the iliac crests) cross what spinous process

A

L4 and L4/L5 IV disc

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13
Q

Dimples on the back overly

A

posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS)

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14
Q

What are the two primary curvatures

A

Thoracic and Sacral

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15
Q

What are the two secondary curvatures

A

Cervical and lumbar

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16
Q

The body of cervical vertebra are

A

small, wider side to side

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17
Q

The spinous processes of cervical vertebra are

A

Short, bifid, projects posteriorly

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18
Q

The Transverse process of cervical vertebra have

A

foramina

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19
Q

The Vertebral foramen of the cervical vertebra are

A

Triangular shaped

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20
Q

The superior and inferior articular pocesses of the cervical vertebra are directed

A

superoposteriorly

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21
Q

What movements are allowed by the cervical vertebra

A

Flexion and extension; lateral flexion; rotation (greatest rand of motion for the entire vertebral column

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22
Q

What vertebra have the greatest range of motion for the entire vertebral column

A

The cervical

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23
Q

An extra rib (or pair of ribs) arises form the 7th cervical vertebra can result in

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome (but not always)

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24
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome

A

impingement of the large vessels and nerve (brachial plexus) in this region

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25
Q

What are the possible causes for thoracic outlet syndrom

A

Extra rib or pair of ribs on C7
Fracture Clavicle
extra muscle or scar tissue in the region of the scalene muscles
poor posture of the neck and shoulder regions
Anomalous anatomical variation involving muscles and/or vasculature

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26
Q

The body of thoracic vertebra

A

larger, heart-shaped, costal facets

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27
Q

The spinous process of thoracic vertebra

A

long and sharp, project inferiorly

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28
Q

The Vertebral foramen of thoracic vertebra

A

circular

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29
Q

Transverse process of thoracic vertebra

A

Facets for ribs (except T1 and T12 )

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30
Q

The superior and inferior articular processes of thoracic vertebra

A

Superior facets directed posteriorly, inferior facets directs anteriorly

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31
Q

What movements are allowed by the thoracic vertebra

A

rotation, lateral flexion is limited, flexion and extension are prevented

32
Q

What vertebrae have are under the greatest amount of strain

A

The lumbar vertebrae

33
Q

Why are the lumbar vertebrae under the greatest amount of strain

A

because they transmit wight to the pelvis

34
Q

Body of the lumbar vertebrae

A

massive, kidney-shaped

35
Q

The spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae

A

short and blunt, rectangular shaped, project posteriorly

36
Q

The vertebral foramen of the lumbar vertebrae

A

triangular

37
Q

The transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae

A

thin and tapered

38
Q

Superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae

A

superior directed posteromedially, inferior directs anterolaterally or laterally

39
Q

movements allowed by the thoracic vertebrae

A

Flexion and extension, some lateral flexion, rotation prevented

40
Q

What is the main function of the sacrum

A

provides strength and stability to the pelvis

41
Q

The sacrum houses and anchors the inferior part of the

A

spinal cord

42
Q

The Cruciate ligament is composed of what

A

Superior longitudinal band
Transverse ligament of atlas
Inferior longitudinal band

43
Q

The intervertebral joints are the joints between the

A

vertebral bodies

44
Q

The intervertebral joints are primarily maintained by 3 ligamentous structures

A

Annulus fibrosis
Anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament

45
Q

The nucleus pulposus is enclosed by the _____ plate

A

Cartilage

46
Q

Flexion and extension occur primarily in the ___ region

A

lumbar

47
Q

Rotation of the upper trunk occurs primarily in _____ and ____ regions

A

cervical and thoracic

48
Q

Herniated discs tend to occur in the ____ region and the herniation typically occurs in the ____ and _____ directions

A

lumbar region. Posterior and lateral

49
Q

Causes for thoracic region disc herniation

A

usually a result of war and tear; disc degeneration
sudden and forceful twisting of the midback region
other conditions that predispose individuals, such as an abnormal kypohsis (Scheuermann’s disease)

50
Q

Causes of Lumbar region disc herniation

A

Frequent bending, twisting, and improper lifting increases load on tendons that reinforce this region, as well as the intervertebral discs
acute or sudden injury (a fall in which individual lands in a sitting position, for example )

51
Q

Cervical region arterial supply

A

vertebral and cervical arteries

52
Q

Thoracic region arterial supply

A

posterior, intercostal arteries

53
Q

Lumbar region arterial supply

A

Subcostal and lumbar arteries

54
Q

Sacral region arterial supply

A

iliolumbar arteries, medial and lateral sacral arteries

55
Q

What are the 4 venous plexuses around and inside the vertebral column

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus
External vertebral venous plexus
Basivertebral veins
intervertebral veins

56
Q

abnormal or exaggerated thoracic curvature

A

kyphosis

57
Q

Kypohsis can result from

A

developmental abnormalities, trauma, or degenerative disease

58
Q

Abnormal or exaggerated lumbar curvature

A

Lordosis

59
Q

Lordosis is associated with

A

congenital abnormalities, musculo-skeletal problems, degenerative disease

60
Q

Abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

61
Q

Pathology of scoliosis

A

can be congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic

62
Q

Spondylolysis

A

broken vertebra
may be secondary to trauma or degenerative disease
common cause of spondylolisthesis

63
Q

Pars interarticularis

A

located between the inferior and superior articular facets, between the lamina and pedicles of vertebrae
fractures at this point associated with spondyloysis
Radiographic image of this region looks like a “scottie Dog”, with the pars fractrue indicated by the dog’s collar

64
Q

Anterior/Ventral displacement of one vertebra on adjacent

A

Spondylolisthesis

65
Q

Spondylolisthesis is a common progression from _____, can also be

A

spondylolysis, congenital

66
Q

Collapse of bone of vertebral body

A

Compression fracture

67
Q

Compression fracture pathology

A

can be caused by trauma or degenerative disease

68
Q

What is sacralization

A

fusion or partial fusion of L5 to the sacrum

is congenital

69
Q

What is osteopenia

A

thinning or decrease in bone mass

70
Q

The condition of having diminished bone density making bones prone to fracture

A

Osteoporosis

71
Q

What is a burst fracture

A

also called a jefferson fracture

  • lateral masses of C1 are compressed between the occipital condyles and the axis (C2), fracturing anterior and/or posterior arches of C1.
  • may also involve rupture of transverse ligament, resulting in dislocation
72
Q

what are some causes of burst fractures (Jefferson fracture)

A

sudden forceful compression of C1 (driving accidents, roll-over car accidents, etc.)

73
Q

Fracture of vertebral arch of cervical vertebra (hangman’s fracture)

A

fracutre of pars interarticularis

74
Q

What causes a hangman’s fracture

A

hyperextension of the neck form (judicial hanging, some severe cases of acceleration/ deceleration syndrome where head and neck are hyper extended

75
Q

Where is the most common fracture of the Dens located

A

at the base of the dens

along the body of the axis is less common

76
Q

what are the causes of a Dens fracture

A

Horizontal blow to the head

Anatomy I (material for Exam II) (7 decks)

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