Biomechanics

Question 1

What in the body acts as a lever

Answer 1

Long bones

Question 2

What in the body acts as a fulcrum

Answer 2

joints

Question 3

What in the body generates the effort

Answer 3

the muscle attached to the bone

Question 4

First-class lever

Answer 4

has a fulcrum in the middle, between the force and the resistance
ex. occipital/atlus

Question 5

Second-class lever

Answer 5

resistance is between the fulcrum and the applied force

ex. raising to the ball of your feet

Question 6

Third-Class lever

Answer 6

force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum

ex. biceps curl

Question 7

3 types of muscle groups

Answer 7

agonists
antagonists
synergists

Question 8

Also called a prime mover contracts to produce a particular movement

Answer 8

agonists

Question 9

actions oppose those of the agonist

Answer 9

antagonists

Question 10

Synergists

Answer 10

assist the prime mover in performing its action
the contraction contributes to tension exerted close to the insertion of the muscle or stabilizes the point of origin
may also assist an agonist by preveniting movement at a joint and thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonist
called fixators

Question 11

Tendons attach

Answer 11

the muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle

Question 12

Tendons usually have a ___, ____ strucuture

Answer 12

thick, cordlike

Question 13

Aponeurosis

Answer 13

thin,flattened sheet, formed by tendons

Question 14

The linea alba is an example of a what

Answer 14

aponeurosis

Question 15

ligaments bind

Answer 15

bone to bone

Question 16

what is the difference between an origin and insertion

Answer 16

origin- attachment site of tendon to less movable bone

insertion- attachment site of tendon to more movable bone

Question 17

The insertion is pulled _______ the origin

Answer 17

toward

Question 18

The origin typically lies _____ to the insertion

Answer 18

proximal

Question 19

what kind of muscle is also called a sphincter because contraction of the muscle closes off the opening

Answer 19

circular

Question 20

Muscle has widespread muscle fibers that converge on a common attachment site and are often triangular in shape

Answer 20

Convergent

Question 21

What type of muscle has fasicles that run parallel to its long axis

Answer 21

parallel

Question 22

Parallel muscles have a central body, called the _____, or gaster

Answer 22

belly

Question 23

What type of muscle organization have one or more tendons extending through their body, and the fascicles are arranged at an oblique angle to the tendon

Answer 23

Pennate

Question 24

What muscle organization have the most power per square area

Answer 24

pennate

Question 25

The mandible is what type of lever

Answer 25

3rd class lever

Question 26

distance between axis and point of resistance application

Answer 26

resistance arm

Question 27

distance between axis and point of force

Answer 27

force arm

Question 28

FxFa (force arm)=

Answer 28

Resistance x Resistance arm (RA)

Question 29

Stermocleidomastoid is an example of what

Answer 29

parallel strap-like muscle

Question 30

The biceps brachii is an example of what

Answer 30

parallel:fusiform muscle (fusiform beceause it has two head)

Question 31

Pectoralis major is an example of what

Answer 31

convergent muscle

Question 32

flexor pollicis longus is an example of what

Answer 32

unipennate muscle

Question 33

Rectus femoris is an example of what

Answer 33

Bipennate muscle

Question 34

Orbicularis oris is an example of what

Answer 34

circular muscle

Question 35

The deltoid is an example of what

Answer 35

Multipennate muscle