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Anatomy Exam III > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of each vertebra?

A
  1. vertebral body
  2. vertebral/neural arch
  3. vertebral processes
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2
Q

Vertebral/neural arch

A

paired laminae and pedicles

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3
Q

Pedicles

A

join vertebral arch and body

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4
Q

Laminae

A

flat plates contacting pedicles

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5
Q

Vertebral foramen forms ____

A

vertebral canal

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6
Q

What forms the IV foramina?

A

superior and inferior vertebral notches

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7
Q

How many articular processes/zygapophyses does a vertebra have?

A

4 per vertebrae

  • 2 superior (prezygapophyses)
  • 2 inferior ( post-zygapophyses)
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8
Q

What are the two types of curvatures that occur in the vertebral column?

A
  • primary (present at birth, due to differences in A&P portions of vertebrae)
  • secondary (primarily develop after birth, due to differences in A&P portions of IV discs
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9
Q

What type of curvature is cervical?

A
  • anteriorly convex, secondary

- develops when child lifts head up

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10
Q

What type of curvature is thoracic?

A
  • anteriorly concave

- primary

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11
Q

What type of curvature is lumbar?

A
  • anteriorly convex
  • secondary
  • develops when child sits upright
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12
Q

What type of curvature is sacral?

A
  • anteriorly concave

- primary

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13
Q

What types of movements can the vertebral column do?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • lateral bending
  • rotation
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14
Q

What restricts movement in the vertebral column?

A
  • IV discs
  • orientation of zygapophysial joints
  • articular capsules
  • muscles
  • ligaments
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15
Q

What allows for ROM of the vertebral column?

A

elasticity of IV discs

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16
Q

What types of joints are vertebral body joints? How do they articulate?

A
  • secondary cartilaginous joints

- articulate via interposed IV discs

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17
Q

What are the 2 parts of IV discs?

A
  1. anulus fibrosus

2. nucleus pulposus

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18
Q

Anulus fibrosus

A

outer portion of concentric fibrocartilaginous circles

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19
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A
  • slightly posteriorly positioned gelatinous, elastic, avascular core
  • propensity for herniation here!!!
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20
Q

Uncovertebral joints

A

joints b/w uncinate process of C3-C6 and superjacent body

21
Q

Vertebral arch joints (zygapophyses)

A
  • synovial joints between superior and inferior articular processes
22
Q

What type of movement do vertebral arch joints allow for? What limits it?

A
  • gliding b/w vertebrae

- variable orientation limits movements

23
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • strong band extending across anterolateral vertebral bodies and IV discs
  • extends from sacrum to occiput and C1 anterior tubercle
24
Q

What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A
  • prevents hyperextension of vertebral column

- stabilizes vertebral body joints

25
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • weaker band extending along anterior aspect of vertebral canal
26
Q

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament/

A
  • prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column

- prevents herniation or protrusion of discs

27
Q

What are the accessory ligaments? (5) What is their main function?

A
  1. ligamenta flava
  2. interspinous ligaments
  3. supraspinous ligaments
  4. nuchal ligament/ligamentum nuchae
  5. inter-transverse ligaments

function: stabilize laminae, transverse processes, and spinous processes

28
Q

What is the function of the ligamenta flava?

A
  • connect adjacent laminae and maintain structural stability
  • prevents abrupt flexion of vertebral column
  • prevents injury to IV discs
29
Q

What is the function of the interspinous ligaments/

A

Connect spinous processes

30
Q

What is the function of the supraspinous ligaments?

A
  • connects tips of spinous processes
  • extends from C7-sacrum
  • merges with ligamentum nuchae
31
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae?

A
  • extends from external occipital protuberance/posterior foramen magnum to spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
32
Q

What is the function of the inter-transverse ligaments

A
  • connects adjacent transverse processes
33
Q

Antlanto-occipital joint movements

A
  • allows nodding of head (flexion/extension)

- lateral bending and rotation

34
Q

Atlanto-occipital membranes

A
  • extends from atlas to margins of foramen magnum

- prevents excessive movement

35
Q

Transverse ligament of atlas

A
  • holds dens of C2 with arch of C1

- posterior wall of dens’ socket

36
Q

Longitudinal bands

A
  • extends from transverse ligament to occiput and C2 body
37
Q

Alar ligaments

A
  • extends from sides of dens to C1 and foramen magnum

- limits head rotation

38
Q

Tectorial membrane

A
  • extends from C2 and through foramen magnum

- superior continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament

39
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A
  • joitn b/w atlas and axis

- movement = rotation

40
Q

Where do C1 and skull rotate on? What limits their movement?

A
  • C2

- limited by alar ligaments

41
Q

What type of joints are C1/C2 zygapophysial joints?

A

gliding joints

42
Q

What type of joint is the dens and C1 articulation?

A

pivot joint

43
Q

What are the branches of the spinal arteries in the neck?

A

vertebral and ascending cervical artery

44
Q

What are the branches of the spinal arteries in the thorax?

A

posterior intercostal arteries

45
Q

What are the branches of the spinal arteries in the abdomen?

A

subcostal and lumbar arteries

46
Q

What are the branches of the spinal arteries in the pelvis?

A

iliolumbar and lateral/medial sacral arteries

47
Q

Spinal arteries enter the IV foramina and divide into:

A
  1. terminal radicular arteries (supply ventral and dorsal roots)
  2. medullary segmental arteries (anastomose w/ spinal cord arteries)
48
Q

What are the 2 spinal veins?

A
  1. internal venous plexus

2. external venous plexus

49
Q

Transverse foramina

A

Conveys vertebral arteries

Anatomy Exam III (6 decks)

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