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Anatomy > Vertebral column > Flashcards

Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the features of a typical vetebra

A

Large weight bearing body, anteroir to the vertebral foramen. From the lateral aspects of the body of the vetebra, the pedicles projects posteriorally to the lamina, the lamine then project posteriomedially to the spinous process of the vertebra. From the intersection of the pedicle and the lamina, the transverse process projects laterally. At the junction of the two lamina the spinous process projects posterioinferioly

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2
Q

Describe the cervical vetebrae

A

Overall small in size, transverse formen, large triangular shaped vertebral foramen (for cervical enlargement of the spinal cord)
Bifid spinous process not C1 or C7

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3
Q

Describe thoracic vertebrae

A

Intermediate in size, increasing inferiorly. Small round vertebral foramen, Facets for costal articulation. No transverse foramen

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4
Q

Describe Lumbar vertebrae

A

Overall large in size, large body. Triangular vertebral foramen for the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord, inferiorly for the cauda equina
No transverse foramen. Short and sturdy spinous processes

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5
Q

Describe the Atlas/C1

A

Contains no body, superior articular facet. Groove for vertebral artery. No spinous process. Articulates with the occipital condyles of skull

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6
Q

Describe the Axis/C2

A

Contains the dens, considered the body of C1 Bifid spinous process

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7
Q

Describe the atlanto-occiptial joint

A

Head flexion and extension-shake head yes

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8
Q

Describe the Atalnto-axial joint

A

Rotation-shake head no

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9
Q

How many vertebrae are in the human body

A

33

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10
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are in the human body

A

7

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11
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the human body

A

12

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12
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the human body

A

5

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13
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are in the human body

A

5

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14
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae are in the human body

A

4v

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15
Q

What is unique to the sacral vertebrae

A

they are fused

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16
Q

Intervertebral foramina are formed by

A

superior and inferior vertebral notches, allows room for spinal nerve passage and accompanying blood vessels

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17
Q

Jefferson fracture

A

also known as a burst fracture of C1. Fracture at the anterior and posterior arches due to compression directed inferiorly

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18
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A

fracture at the transverse process of C2 due to hyper extension of the head

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19
Q

T1 has what kind of costal facet

A

Complete on superior body of T1 and demi facet on inferior body of T1

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20
Q

T2-T9 have what kind of costal facets

A

Demi facets on superior and inferior bodies of T2-T9

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21
Q

T10 has what kind of costal facet

A

Demi facet on superior body of T10 only

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22
Q

What kind of costal facets are found on T11 and T12

A

Complete costal facets on T11 and T12

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23
Q

Transverse costal facets are found on

A

T1-T10

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24
Q

From rib 2 to rib 10 the head of the rib articulates with

A

two vertebrae

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25
Q

IV/Intervertebral discs account for ___ of vertebral column length

A

20%

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26
Q

IV disc composed of what 2 structures

A
  1. Annulua fibrosus- outer ring of fibricartilage

2. Nucleus pulposus-gelantions mass

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27
Q

No IV discs found

A

C1- skull, C1-C2, Sacrum, coccyx

28
Q

herination of IV disc

A

95% lumbar disc protusion occur ar L4-L5 or L5-S1

Typically posteriorlaterally, the annulus fiber is thin posterioly

29
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

strong, broadm running down anteriorlu along the vertebral bodies and IV discs prevents hyperextension

30
Q

Posterior longitudinal Lig

A

Narrower somewhat weaker. Runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and IV discs. Prevents hyperflexion

31
Q

Supraspinous lig

A

Runs down the tips of the spinous processess frm C7 to the sacrum

32
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Elastic, yellow bands of tissu connecting laminae of adjacent vertebrae. Limits flexion

33
Q

Interspinous

A

connect adjoining spinous processess

34
Q

Nuchal ligamnet

A

Thick fibroelastic median band running from the external occiptial protuberance and the posterior border of the foramen magnum to C7 spinous process

35
Q

Curvatures of the vertebral column

A

Primary-Thoracic and sacral kyphoses (concave anteriorly, present from birth)
Secondary- Cervical and lumbar lordoses (concave posteriorly) Devopls when infant holds up head and toddles begins standing and walking

36
Q

Kyphosis

A

hump back

37
Q

Lordosis

A

sway or hollow back

38
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

39
Q

Flexion

A

Mostly cervical, lumbar

40
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Mostly cervical lumbar

41
Q

Rotation

A

mostly cervical, thoracic

42
Q

Meniges

A

Covering of the spinal cord

43
Q

Dura mater

A

tough mother, outermost layer of the meniges

44
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

filmy layer deep to dura mater

45
Q

Pia mater

A

layer covering the spinal cord

46
Q

Denticulate ligamentt

A

anchors spinal cord to dura materm found at midpoint between two spinal nerves

47
Q

Filum terminale

A

thin piece of pia extending distally, termination of the spinal cord

48
Q

Epidural

A

space between vertebral canal dura mater 1 of 3 spaces

49
Q

Subdural

A

potential space, only seen pathologicaly= space between dura mater and arachnoid mater 2 of 3 spaces

50
Q

Subarachnoid

A

space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
Contains cerebrospinal fluid
Lumbar cistern, enlargement of the subarachnoid space inferior to conus medullaris

51
Q

Spinal nerves

A 
31 pairs of spinal nerves (PNS)
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
52
Q

Ther are two spinal cord enlargements

A

cervical and lumbar where there are more nerves for innervation for the limbs

53
Q

How do cervical nerves course their vertebrae

A

Cervical nerves course superior to their vertebrae

54
Q

How do non cervical nerves course their corresponding vertebrae

A

All other nerves course below/inferiorly their vertebrae starting with T1

55
Q

What nerve will be compressed if there is a IV disc herniation between C4-C5

A

C5, cervical nerves course above their corresponding vertebrae

56
Q

What nerve will be compressed if there is IV herination at T4-T5

A

T4, non cervical nerves course below their corresponding vertebrae

57
Q

What nerve will be compressed if there is IV herniation at L4-L5

A

L5, although non cervical nerves course below their corresponding vertebrae L4 will not compress, the larger size of the lumbar body allows for the nerve to course above the L4-L5 IV disc. L5 will compress because L4 sneaks out by the body, leaving L to be compressed

58
Q

Conus medullaris

A

As spinal nerves leave the spinal cord narrows to a cone shape. Located at L1L2 adults, L4L5 neonates. During growth the conus medullaris is pulled superiorly

59
Q

Cauda equina

A

spinal nerve roots travel from the conus medullaris down to their intervertebral foramen exit. Appearance horse tail

60
Q

Filum Terminale

A

Internum: Continuaton of pia materm from end of conus medullaris to end of dural sac at S2
Externum: (Coccygeal ligament) pia invests with dura mater from S2 to coccyx

61
Q

Dural sac

A

Dura mater surronds the cauda equina, ending at S2 forming a sac

62
Q

Lumbar puncture/Spinal tap

A

Location; enter into lumbar cistern through L4 +/- on level

Purpose to collect CSF to evaluate infections of the CNS e.g. meningtis

63
Q

Spinal anesthesia

A

Anesthetic inserted in the place as the lumbar puncture, complete anesthesia below waist, risk of CSF leakage

64
Q

Epidural anesthesia

A

Anesthetic agent inserted in the extra dural space either in the same position as the lumbar puncture or in the sacral hiatus

65
Q

Venous drainage of the vertebral column

A

External and Internal Vertebral venous plexus, located around vertebrae and in vertebral canal. No Valves, potential path for cancer metastasis

Anatomy (8 decks)

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