Superficial & Deep Back Flashcards
Trapezius (Superficial extrinsic back muscle)
Origin- medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, and spinous processess of C7-T12
Insertion-spine and acromion of scapula
Action- Superior=elevation of scapula,
middle=retracts scapula
inferior=depresses scapula
superior+inferior=superior rotation of glenohumeral joint
Innervation-Cranial nerve XI (11, spinal accessory nerve)
Latissimus dorsi (Superficial extrinsic back muscle)
Orgin-spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion-inferior intertubercular sulcus of humerous (anterior aspect of the arm)
Action-extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerous at the glenohumeral joint
Innervation- Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8 anterior rami)
Levator scapulae (Superficial extrinsic back muscle)
Origin-transverse processess of C1-C4
Insertion-medial border of scapula, superior to root of the scapular spine
Action-elevates scapula rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly
Innervation- dorsal scapular nerve (C5 anterior ramus root ) and C3, C4 anterior rami
Rhomboid major (Superficial extrinsic back muscle)
Origin-spinous processes of T2-T5
Insertion-medial border of scapula
Action-retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapulat to thoracic wall
Innervation-dorsal scapular nerve (C5 anterior rami)
Rhomboid minor (Superficial extrinsic back muscle)
Origin-nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion-medial end of scapular spine
Action-retract scapula and inferior rotation of the shoulder joint; fix scapula to thoracic wall
Innervation-dorsal scapular nerve (C5 anterior rami)
Serratus posterior superior (Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles)
Origin-nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3
Insertion-ribs 2-4
Action- elevate ribs 2-4 (function is proprioception during respiration)
Innervation-T2-T5 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Serratus posterior inferior (Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles)
Origin-Spinous processes of T11-L2
Insertion-ribs 8-12
Action-depress ribs 8-12 (function is proprioception during respiration)
Innervation T9-T12 anterior rami of spinal nerves
Splenius cervicis (Superficial intrinsic back muscles)
Origin-nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3/4
Insertion-transverse processes of C1-C4
Action-Unilaterally-laterally flex the neck and rotate head to the side of the active muscle. Bilaterally-extend head and neck
Innervation-posterior rami of spinal nerves
Splenius capitis (Superficial intrinsic back muscles)
Orgin- nucahl ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3/4
Insertion-mastoid process and nuchal line
Action-Unilaterally-laterally flex the neck and rotate head to the side of the active muscle. Bilaterally-extend head and neck
Innervation-posterior rami of spinal nerves
Spinalis (Erector spinae group)
Origin-broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
Insertion-spinous processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Action-unilaterally-laterally flex vertebral column-bilaterally-extend vertebral column and head
Innervation-posterior rami spinal nerves
Longissimus (Erector spinae group)
Origin-broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
Insertion-postero-medial aspect of ribs, cervical transverse processes, and mastoid process
Action-Unilaterallu-laterally fles vertebral column-bilaterally-extend column and head
Innervation-posterior rami of spinal nerves
lliocostalis (Erector spinae group)
Orgin-broad tendon from posterior iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
Inserstion-lateral to longissimus on ribs and cervical transverse processes
Action-Unilaterally-laterally flex vertebral column-bilaterally-extend vertebral column and head
Innervation-posterior rami of spinal nerves
Semispinalis (Deep Intrinsic back muscles)
Origin-transverse processes of C4-T12
Insertion-thoracic and cervical transverse processess, and space between superior and inferior nuchal lines on cranium
Action-extends head, cervical and thoracic vertebral column and performs contralateral rotation of the same
Innervation-posterior rami of the spinal nerves
Multifidus (Deep Intrinsic back muscles)
Origin-posterior sacrum, transverse processess of lumbar, thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Insertion-spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 vertebrae ABOVE their origin
Action-extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
Innervation-posterior rami of spinal nerves
Rotatores (Deep Intrinsic back muscles)
Origin-transverse processes of vertebrae
Insertion-lamina of vertebrae immediately or two segements above it’s orgin
Action-rotates vertebral column, functions to stabilized the vertebrae
Innervation-posterior rami of spinal nerves
Cranial nerve XI
Travels from the cranium through the neck and back deep to trapezius
Cutaneous branches of posterior rami
Provides cutaneous sensory innervation (GSA) to the back
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Emerges between the anterior over the middle scalene (neck muscles) before moving posterioly, deep to levator scapulae and the rhomboids
Dermatome
A unilateral area of skin innervated by the sensory (GSA) a signal spinal nerve
Rectus capitis posterior minor (deep posterior neck)
Orgin-C1 posterior arch
Insertion- medial part inferior nuchal line
Action-extension of the atlanto-occipital joint, ispilateral rotation of the alanto-axial joint
Innervation-suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Rectus capitis posterior major (deep posterior neck)
Origin- C2 spinous process
Insertion-lateral part Inferior nuchal line
Action-extension of the atlanto-occipital joint, posterior ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint
Innervation- suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Obliquus capitis superior (deep posterior neck)
Origin- C1 transverse process
Insertion-occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action-extension and lateral flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint
Innervation-suboccipital nerve (C1 spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Obliquus capitis inferior (deep posterior neck)
Origin-C2 posterior arch
Insertion-C1 transverse process
Action-ipsilateral rotation of atlanto-axial joint
Innervation-suboccipital nerve (C1- spinal nerve posterior ramus)
Suboccipital triangle
Superomedial border-rectus capitis posterior major
Superolateral-obliquus capitis superior
Inferolateral-obliquus capitis inferior
Roof-semispinalis capitas
Floor-posterior atlanto-occipital membrane posterior arch of C1
Contents- suboccipital nerve (C1), vertebral artery
Inferior triangle stuctures greater occipital nerve (C2), least occipital nerve (C3)
