Vertebral Column

Question 1

what does the hyoid bone aid in?

Answer 1

swallowing and speech

Question 2

hyoid bone serves as a moveable base for what

Answer 2

tongue

Question 3

anchored by ligaments to styloid process of temporal bone

Answer 3

hyoid bone

Question 4

compared to the infants total body length the skull is what

Answer 4

large

Question 5

the skull is how much of infant body length and adult body length

Answer 5

1/4 infant
1/8 adult

Question 6

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones

Answer 6

fontanels

Question 7

what do fontanels allow the skull to do?

Answer 7

compress during birth and allow birth during later pregnancy and early infancy

Question 8

how long do fontanels take to convert to bone?

Answer 8

24 months

Question 9

axial support of the body

Answer 9

vertebral column (spine)

Question 10

location of spine

Answer 10

from skull to pelvis

Question 11

what does the spine do for the skull and pelvis?

Answer 11

supports the skull and in the pelvis it transmits the weight of the body to lower limbs

Question 12

vertebrae or named according to what

Answer 12

location

Question 13

how many vertebral bones are there?

Answer 13

26

Question 14

the vertebral bones are separated by what

Answer 14

intervertebral discs

Question 15

function of intervertebral discs

Answer 15

cushion the vertabrae and absorb shock and allow flexibility

Question 16

the vertebral discs of a young person are

Answer 16

high in water content, spongy and compressible

Question 17

as you age the intervertebral discs do what

Answer 17

water content decreases (along with other tissues throughout the body), discs become harder and less compressible

Question 18

spinal cord runs through what

Answer 18

vertebral foramen

Question 19

prior to birth how many vertebrae are there?

Answer 19

33

Question 20

two composite bones of the spine

Answer 20

sacrum and coccyx

Question 21

what prevents shock to the head while running or walking?

Answer 21

discs and S-shaped structure of vertebral column

Question 22

drying of the discs and weakening of the discs causes old people to have what

Answer 22

herniated (slipped) discs

Question 23

slipped discs

Answer 23

herniated discs

Question 24

what causes herniated discs

Answer 24

exceptional twisting forces on vertebral column

Question 25

what happens when you have a herniated disc?

Answer 25

protruding disc presses on spinal cord or spinal nerves causing numbness or excruciating pain

Question 26

what curvatures develop after birth and what shape does it cause?

Answer 26

primary curvatures; C-shaped

Question 27

what curvatures are present at birth and what shape does it form?

Answer 27

secondary curvature; S-shaped

Question 28

what does the secondary curvature allow us to do?

Answer 28

center body weight on lower limbs with minimal effort

Question 29

when does the cervical curvature appear?

Answer 29

when baby begins to raise its head

Question 30

when does the lumbar curvature appear?

Answer 30

when baby begins to walk

Question 31

to the side

Answer 31

scoliosis

Question 32

hunchback

Answer 32

kyphosis

Question 33

deep lower curve

Answer 33

lordosis

Question 34

what causes abnormal spinal curvatures?

Answer 34

congenital, disease, poor posture, unequal muscle pull on the spine

Question 35

what kind of tissue makes up the intervertebral disc

Answer 35

flexible fibrocartilage