vertebral column

Question 1

——-also known as the spinal column or spine.
* It is part of the axial skeleton and extends from the base of the skull to the tip of the coccyx.

Answer 1

the vertebral column

Question 2

The vertebral column is a series of approximately —– called ———, which are separated by

Answer 2

33 bones
vertebrae
intervertebral discs

Question 3

Approximately nine of vertebrae at the terminal end of the spine later fuse in adulthood to form two larger bones:

Answer 3

5 sacrum
4 coccyx

Question 4

After the vertebrae of the sacrum and coccyx fuse, the typical vertebral column consists ———–, which anatomists divide into —— main regions

Answer 4

of 25 bones
5 main regions

Question 5

the 5 major regions of the vertebral column are

Answer 5

• seven cervical vertebrae (c1-c7)
  -twelve thoracic vertebrae(T1-T12)
  -5 lumbar vertebrae(L1-L5)
• 1 SACRUM(5 fused sacral vertebrae s1-s5)
• 1 coccyx ( 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae co1-co4)

Question 6

the C1 vertebra articulates (forms a joint) with the ———— of the skull

Answer 6

occipital condyles اوكسيبتل كون دايلز

Question 7

The lower back contains the

Answer 7

lumbar vertebrae L1-L5

Question 8

lie between the vertebral bodies, linking them together.

Answer 8

23 İntervertebral Disc

Question 9

there is no intervertebral discs between

Answer 9

C1 AND C2
SACRUM AND COCCYX

Question 10

THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS ACT AS

Answer 10

a shock absorber for the spine.

Question 11

the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus.

Answer 11

are the two main parts of the intervertebral discs

Question 12

the nucleus pulposus

Answer 12

the gel-like center of the intervertebral disc.

Question 13

surrounds the nucleus pulposus in a series of ringed
fibrocartilage layers

Answer 13

the annulus fibrosus (the word annulus means ring)

Question 14

consist of an anterior vertebral body, and a posterior vertebral arch.

Answer 14

the general structure of the vertebrae

Question 15

The ———- forms the anterior part of each vertebrae.
* It is the ———- component, and vertebrae in the ——– of the column have larger bodies than those in the upper portion (to ———— the
increased weight)

Answer 15

vertebral body
weight-bearing
lower portion
better support

Question 16

forms the lateral and posterior aspect of each vertebrae.

Answer 16

the vertebral arch

Question 17

In combination with the vertebral body, the vertebral arch forms an enclosed hole called ——-

Answer 17

the vertebral froamen

Question 18

The foramina of all the vertebrae line up to form

Answer 18

the vertebral canal or the spinal canal

Question 19

the vertebral canal or spinal canal is

Answer 19

the cavity within the
vertebral column which contains the spinal cord

Question 20

the tubular nervous tissue.

Answer 20

the spinal canal or vertebral canal

Question 21

the vertebral arches have several bony prominences, which act as

Answer 21

attachment sites for the muscles and ligaments

Question 22

the bony prominences of the vertebral arches are

Answer 22

the spinous process
the transverse process
articular process
pedicles
lamina

Question 23

each vertebra has a single ———-, centred posteriorly at the point of the arch.

Answer 23

spinous process

Question 24

each vertebra has ————– extends ———–
from the vertebral body. In the thoracic vertebrae, they

Answer 24

two transverse processes,
extend laterally and posteriorly
articulate with the ribs

Question 25

connect the vertebral body to the transverse processes.

Answer 25

pedicles

Question 26

lamina

Answer 26

connect the transverse and spinous processes

Question 27

form joints between one vertebra and its superior and inferior counterparts and located at the intersection of the laminae and pedicles

Answer 27

the articular process

Question 28

The thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are------ retained from the original fetal curvature These curves are convex, curving

Answer 28

primary curvatures outwardly toward the backside

Question 29

develop after birth and thus are secondary curvatures.

Answer 29

The cervical and lumbar curves

Question 30

develops as the infant begins to hold up the head

Answer 30

The cervical curve

Question 31

appears when the infant starts standing and walking.

Answer 31

the lumbar curve

Question 32

These curves are concave, curving inwardly toward the front of the body.

Answer 32

the secondary curvatures

Question 33

the most superior portion of the vertebral column, lying between the cranium and the thoracic vertebrae.

Answer 33

the cervical vertebrae

Question 34

The first cervical vertebrae (C1) is known as the

Answer 34

atlas

Question 35

The second cervical vertebrae (C2) is known as the

Answer 35

axis

Question 36

is known as the vertebra prominent

Answer 36

The seventh cervical vertebra (C7)

Question 37

The cervical vertebrae have three main features which distinguish them from other vertebrae:

Answer 37

-Triangular vertebral foramen. - Bifid spinous process -Transverse foramina

Question 38

this is where the spinous process splits into two distally.

Answer 38

at the bifid spinous process

Question 39

* They give passage to the vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves.

Answer 39

the transverse foramina the holes in the transverse processes.

Question 40

The atlas is the first cervical vertebra and articulates

Answer 40

with the occiput condyles of the head and the axis (C2).

Question 41

the atlas It differs from the other cervical vertebrae in that it has

Answer 41

no vertebral body and no spinous process

Question 42

the atlas has --------which are connected by an anterior and posterior arch.

Answer 42

lateral masses

Question 43

Each lateral mass contains a ------- articular facet (for articulation with --------), and an -------- articular facet (for articulation with ------)

Answer 43

superior occipital condyles inferior C2

Question 44

The anterior arch contains a facet for articulation with

Answer 44

the dens of the axis.

Question 45

the axis (C2) is easily identifiable due to its ------ which extends superiorly from the anterior portion of the vertebra.

Answer 45

dens (odontoid process)

Question 46

the largest and most inferior vertebra in the neck region.

Answer 46

the 7th cervical vertebrae

Question 47

------- has a large spinous process that protrudes ------- toward the skin at the back of the neck

Answer 47

the C7 posteriorly

Question 48

can be easily seen and felt at the base of the neck, making it a prominent landmark of the skeleton (giving the C7 the name vertebra prominens).

Answer 48

the c7 has a large spinous process

Question 49

------- is the second segment of the vertebral column, located between the ------------ vertebral segments. * It consists of --------vertebrae.

Answer 49

The thoracic spine cervical and lumbar twelve

Question 50

The thoracic vertebrae have four features which distinguish them from other vertebrae:

Answer 50

- Vertebral body is heart shaped. * demi-facets on the sides of each vertebral body * costal facets on the transverse processes * The spinous processes are long and slant inferiorly.

Question 51

the demi-facets on the sides of each vertebral body articulate with

Answer 51

the heads of the ribs

Question 52

the costal facets on the transverse processes articulate with the

Answer 52

these articulate with the tubercles of the ribs. They are present on T1-T10 only.

Question 53

is the third region of the vertebral column, located in the lower back between the thoracic and sacral vertebral segments

Answer 53

The lumbar spine

Question 54

----------- is made up of five distinct vertebrae, which are the largest of the vertebral column. This supports in its main function as --------

Answer 54

the lumbar spine a weight bearing structure.

Question 55

Features of a typical lumbar vertebrae: * The vertebral bodies are ------- * The vertebral foramen is------ * Transverse processes are------ * Spinous processes are --------

Answer 55

- large and kidney shaped. - triangular in shape. - long and slender. - short and broad *Accessory processes * Mammillary processes

Question 56

------- can be found on the posterior aspect of the base of each transverse process. They act as sites of ---------

Answer 56

-the accessory processes -attachment for deep back muscles.

Question 57

----------can be found on the posterior surface of each superior articular process. They act as sites of -----------

Answer 57

-the mammillary processes -attachment for deep back muscles.

Question 58

------has some distinctive characteristics of its own. It has a notably large vertebral body and transverse processes as it ----------

Answer 58

-The fifth lumbar vertebrae, L5 -carries the weight of the entire upper body.

Question 59

is a collection of five fused vertebrae.

Answer 59

sacrum

Question 60

On the lateral walls of the sacrum are facets for articulation with the ------at the --------- joints

Answer 60

pelvis sacroiliac

Question 61

It has an ----------- , concave shape.

Answer 61

inverted triangular

Question 62

the sacrum consists of

Answer 62

a base, apex and four surfaces

Question 63

articulates superiorly with the fifth lumbar vertebra and its associated intervertebral disc.

Answer 63

base

Question 64

articulate inferiorly with the coccyx

Answer 64

Apex of the sacrum

Question 65

------- located laterally on the sacrum, and shaped like the outer ear . Each articulates with the auricular surface of the ---------

Answer 65

Auricular surfaces ilium

Question 66

Anterior and posterior surfaces

Answer 66

provide attachment to pelvic ligaments and muscles.

Question 67

-------the central canal of the vertebral column continues along the core of the sacrum and ends at the ----- sacral foramina, as the -------

Answer 67

internally 4th sacral hitaus

Question 68

In the midline of the dorsal surface, there is a central ridge of bone, called the-------. It is formed by the fusion of the ----- of the first three sacral vertebrae

Answer 68

median sacral crest spinous processes

Question 69

are formed by the fusion of the sacral articular processes.

Answer 69

the intermediate sacral crest

Question 70

the transverse processes of the five sacral bones fuse to form

Answer 70

the lateral sacral crest

Question 71

In the adult, the surface is marked by four

Answer 71

transverse line or bride

Question 72

the remnants of the fused sacral -------(fusion of the sacral vertebrae begins at age ).

Answer 72

intervertebral discs 20

Question 73

Superiorly, there is an anterior projection of bone, known as

Answer 73

the sacral promontory

Question 74

the upper part of the lateral part of sacrum, lateral to the first sacral vertebra. It is a large triangular surface

Answer 74

ala

Question 75

--------is the terminal part of the vertebral column. It is consisted of ----- vertebrae, which fuse to produce a triangular shape.

Answer 75

the coccyx four