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ANAT 315 > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Which vertebrae correspond with the neck and how many are there?

A

7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

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2
Q

Which vertebrae correspond with the chest/ribcage and how many are there?

A

12 thoracic (T1-T12)

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3
Q

Which vertebrae correspond with the lower back and how many are there?

A

5 lumbar (L1-L5)

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4
Q

Which vertebrae correspond the the tailbones and how many are there? What is unique about them?

A

5 sacral (1-5)
3-5 coccygeal (1-4)
Unique: they are fused

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5
Q

What is the typical number of vertebrae in a human?

A

33, can range 32-34.

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6
Q

How many normal curvatures are in the sagittal plane in adults?

A

4

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7
Q

What are the primary curvatures and when do they develop and why?

A

Kyphosis, originate in fetal development in all vertebrates bc of the way we develop around the yolk sac.
Thoracic and sacral

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8
Q

What are the secondary curvatures and when do they develop and why?

A

Lordosis, develop in early postnatal growth, unique to humans
Cervical and lumbar
Keep body’s center of mass aligned over the feet

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9
Q

What are the 2 causes of abnormal curvatures in the spine?

A

Birth and wear and tear

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10
Q

Name and explain 4 abnormal curvatures.

A

Cervical kyphosis: Reversed cervical curve
Thoracic kyphosis: rounded upper back
Lumbar lordosis: arched lower back
Scoliosis: crooked spine

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11
Q

Name the 9 elements of a typical vertebra.

A

Vertebral body
Superior articular process
Transverse process (junction between pedicle and lamina)
Inferior articular process
Vertebral/neural arch
spinous process
vertebral foramen
pedicle
lamina

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12
Q

Where does the spinal cord pass through and exit through?

A

Passes through vertebral foramina and exits through intervertebral foramen.

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13
Q

Which vertebrae have the bifid spinous process?

A

Cervical

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14
Q

Which vertebrae has a large triangular vertebral foramen and what is it’s purpose?

A

Cervical. It allows for the vertebral artery to pass safely.

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15
Q

Which vertebrae contains the transverse foramina?

A

Cervical

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16
Q

Which vertebrae have an uncinate process? Be specific.

A

Cervical (C3-C7)

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17
Q

Which cervical vertebraes are exceptions? What 2 elements do they have that the others don’t.

A

C1: atlas
- supports the head
C2: Axis
- allows for rotation of head

18
Q

Which vertebrae have a circular vertebral foramen and a heart-shaped vertebral body?

A

Thoracic

19
Q

Which vertebrae have facets for rib attachments and long, narrow, sloped spinous process?

A

Thoracic.

20
Q

Which vertebrae have a small triangular vertebral foramen and kidney shaped vertebral body?

A

Lumbar

21
Q

Which vertebrae have a short, wide spinous process and a small transverse process?

A

Lumbar

22
Q

Which vertebrae are fused?

A

Sacrum and coccyx

23
Q

Which vertebrae have ala?

A

Sacrum

24
Q

What is the lateral sacral crest?

A

Fusion of transverse processes

25
Q

Which vertebrae has the sacral hiatus and what exits through there?

A

Coccyx, spinal nerves exit through here.

26
Q

Name the 5 joints of the vertebral column.

A
  1. Atlanto-occipital
  2. Atlanto-axial
  3. Uncovertebral
  4. Intervertebral joints
    5.Zygapophyseal joints
27
Q

Where is the atlanto-occipital joint located?

A

Between atlas and skull.

28
Q

Where is the atlanto-axial joint located?

A

Between C1 and C2

29
Q

Where are the uncovertebral joints located? What is their nickname?

A

Between uncinate processes of C3-C7
aka Joints of luschka

30
Q

Where are the intervertebral joints located?

A

Between vertebral bodies.

31
Q

Where are the zygapophyseal joints located?

A

Between superior and inferior articular facets of vertebrae.

32
Q

Name the 2 supporting ligaments of the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Tectotial membrane and posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

33
Q

What is the function of the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Head flexion/extension, minimal lateral flexion/extension, axial rotation

34
Q

What is the purpose of the transverse ligament of the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Encircls the den and keeps it against the anterior arch of C1 and turns that articulation into a pivot joint.

35
Q

Name the 3 articulations of the atlanto-axial joint?

A

Dens, anterior arch, articular processes

36
Q

Which joints have the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposis?

A

Intervertebral and uncovertebral

37
Q

Classify the intervertebral joint.

A

Solid –> symphysis joint (bone-fibrocartilage-bone)

38
Q

What is the function of the uncovertebral joint?

A

Guide flexion/extension of cervical spine
Limits lateral flexion
True synovial joints (gliding)

39
Q

Classify the zygapophyseal joint.

A

Synovial, plane/gliding

40
Q

Name and locate the 3 spines of the zygapophyseal joints.

A

Cervical spine, transverse
Thoracic spine, coronal
Lumbar spine, sagittal

41
Q

What are the functions of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spines?

A

Cervical: axial rotation, some F/E
Thoracic spine: axial rotation, some F/E, lateral F/E
Lumbar: lateral F/E, some F/E

42
Q

What are 2 jobs of the ligaments?

A

Reinforce joints and keep motions in check.

ANAT 315 (4 decks)

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