Vertebral column

Question 1

Functions of vertebral column

Answer 1

• transmit body weight

- protects spinal cord

Question 2

Curvatures of the vertebrae

Answer 2

cervical= secondary 
thoracic=  primary 
lumbar= secondary 
sacral= primary 
primary= congenital 
secondary = developmental

Question 3

intervertebral disc cartilage

Answer 3

annulus fibrosus - ligament

holding disc in place which prevent nucleus pulposus squeezing out

Question 4

Ligaments of the vertebral column (6)

Question 5

What is the joint between vertebrae and rib

Answer 5

costovertebral joint

Question 6

Joint between articular processes

Answer 6

zygopopheseal joint

Question 7

joint between vertebral bodies and intervetebral discs

Answer 7

amphirarthroidal joints

Question 8

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 8

• Small size
• Transverse foramina
• Saddle-shaped body
• Bifid spinous process

Question 9

Feature of C1 (Atlas)

Answer 9

• no body/spinous process
• consists of anterior and posterior arches and two lateral masses
• Superior surfaces of lateral masses articulate with occipital condyles

Question 10

Feature of C2 (Axis)

Answer 10

• Dens projects into anterior arch of atlas

- Prominent spinous process

Question 11

Feature of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 11

• 12 vertebrae
• articular facets on coronal plane
• heart shape to kidney shape
• spinous process inferior

Question 12

Feature of T1

Answer 12

Single whole superior costal facet

Question 13

Feature of T10

Answer 13

Single whole superior facet

Question 14

Feature of T11 and 12

Answer 14

no transverse facet, only superior costal facet

Question 15

Feature of 12/transitional

Answer 15

Spinous process more lumbar, inf articular facets deviate laterally and curved

Question 16

Variation in lumbar vertebrae

Answer 16

• oval shape

- pedicle almost in direct contact with the body

Question 17

Features of sacral vertebrae

Answer 17

• Sacral canal
• Alae
• Median, intermediate and lateral sacral crests

Question 18

Features of coccyx

Answer 18

Superior cornu and superior body to articulate with sacrum 4-5 fused bodies

Question 19

Vertebral defects (5)

Answer 19

Accessory cervical vertebra

Abnormal curvature - kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Question 20

Ossification centres

Answer 20

The site where bone begins to form in a specific bone

Question 21

When do vertebrae fuse

Answer 21

2-7 yrs

Question 22

Factors when paging vertebrae

Answer 22

• Fusion of vertebrae
• Osteophytes
• Degeration process