Sternum Flashcards

1
Q

What does the sternum do?

A

Anchors the anterior ends of paired ribs 1-7 via costal cartilage and protects the cardiovascular organs

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts the sternum is composed of?

A

Manubrium, mesoternum/body and xiphoid process

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3
Q

What is the sternum formed of?

A

Sternebrae - which can fuse with age and aid in estimating age

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4
Q

State the shape of the anterior and posterior surfaces

A

Anterior surface is convex and posterior surface is concave

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5
Q

Where does the sternum articulate and with what?

A

Articulates with clavicle at clavicular notch with rib cartilage at costal notches

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6
Q

What is the name of the indentation on the superior surface of the manubrium?

A

Jugular notch

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7
Q

What ridges run across the body of the sternum?

A

Transverse ridges

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8
Q

What is the name of the indentation on the sides of the manubrium?

A

Costal notches

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9
Q

What 2 muscles come from the manubrium?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscles

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10
Q

Where does the sternocleidosmastoid muscle run from and to?

A

From the manubrium and clavicle to the mastoid process on the temporal bone

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11
Q

What movement/action does sternocleidomastoid produce?

A

Head rotation and flexion

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12
Q

Where does the sternohyoid muscle run from and to?

A

From posterior manumbrium to the hyoid

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13
Q

What movement/action does sternohyoid produce?

A

Depresses hyoid

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14
Q

What muscles comes from the manubrium and the body/mesosternum?

A

Pectoralis major muscle

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15
Q

Where does pectoralis major run from and to?

A

from manubrium, mesosternum and clavicle sideways to proximal humerus

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16
Q

What movement/action does pectoralis major produce?

A

Adduction, medial rotation and flexion of arm

17
Q

What percentage of individual have a sternal foremen?

A

5-10%

18
Q

Two kinds of synostosis related to the sternum

A

Matrical and sclerotic

19
Q

Describe the two kinds of synostosis related to the sternum

A

Matrical: due to the developmental anomaly resulting in the absence of fibrocartilaginous barrier between elements

Scelortic: due to age-related degeneration of the fibrocartilaginous pad in the joint

20
Q

What percentage of adults have at least one foramen in the xiphoid process?

A

30%

21
Q

Describe pectus excavatum

A

Failure of fusion of the sternal plates (associated with other connective tissue disorder inc Marfans) and can cause compression of thoracic viscera

22
Q

Is pectus excavatum more common in males or females?

A

Males (M3:F1)