Vertebrae And Amphibians Flashcards
The name vertebrate comes from
The individual bony or cartilaginous segments called vertebrae that makes up the spin
In all vertebrates _______ is replaced by the vertebrae during embryonic development
Notochord
What is the vertebral column
It is a series of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae that encloses the dorsal hollow nerve cord or the spinal cord like a sleeve
Cartilage contains fibers of____
Protein collagen
Bones contain_______
Crystals of calcium phosphate salt
All vertebrates have a heart and _______
The development of the head is a development process termed
Cranialization
Necks are found in ________
Tetrapods
What are the major planes of the body
1.Transverse plane. aka horizontal plane
2. Sagittal plane ( midsagittal or median sagittal)
3. Frontal plane. Aka coronal plane
What is the first skeletal feature to appear in the embryo
Notochord
What is the weight bearing portion of the vertebra
Centrum
What is nucleus pulposus
It is a portion of the intervertebral discs.
The remnants of the notochord remains as portions of the intervertebral disc
_________ surrounds and protects the caudal artery
Hemal arches
_________ surrounds and protects the spinal cord
Vertebral or neutral Arch
The hollow center of the vertebral nerve cord is called ______
Neurocoel
The nerve cord originates by the process of ________
Neuralation
___________is a vital portion of the vertebral embryo
Pharynx
________is a source of stem immune cells
Pharynx
Coelom in fishes, amphibians and reptiles are divided into ____&___
Pericardial cavity- which houses the heart
and
pleuroperitoneal cavity - which houses the rest
The pleuroperitoneal cavity and the pericardial cavity are separated by ________
Transverse septum
The coelom in birds mammals are divided into __________&_________
Thoracic cavity - having a pericardial cavity for the heart and a pleural cavity for the lungs
And
Abdominopelvic cavity - having a abdominal or peritoneal cavity and a pelvic cavity.
What are agnathostomata
Jawless vertebrates
What are gnathostoma
Jawed vertebrates
List the divisions of vertebrates
Agnatha
Placodermi
Chondrichthyes
Osterichthyes
Amphibians