vertabrae and bony thorax Flashcards
how many vertabrae are in a child comapred to adult
33 and 26
in an adult how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertabrae
7, 12, 5
what are the types of curves in the spine
(primary) cerical and lumbar - lordotic curve
(secondary) thoraic and sacrum/coccyx - kyphodic
why does the vertabrae have different curves
increase strangth of vertabral collum
helps maintain balance
helps absorb shock
protects from fractures
what are the abnormal curves of the spine
kyphosis- only in thoracic region, exageration of normal curve
lordosis - cervical and lumbar, exageration of normal curve
scoliosis- rotation of vertabrae, lateral curves
what are the parts of a typical veratbrae
vertabral body
vertabral arch
- 2 pedicles and 2 lamina
- 7 processes come off of it
- 2 superior and inferior articular processes
- 2 transverse processes (where pedicle and
lamina meet)
- spinous process
vertabral formaina
what are the typical vertabral joints
intervertabral discs
zygopophyseal joints
what and how are the zygopophyseal joints formed
articulation between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertabrae
(also called facet joints)
what are the outer and inner parts of the intervertabral discs
nucleus pulpous
- inside
annulus fibrous
- outside
what are the cervical vertabrae which are typical or atypical
C1- atlas
C2-axis
C7- vertabral prominens
C1,2,7 are atypical
C3-6 are typical
which vertabrae has no body
atlas C1
how do the size of the cervical vertabrae bodies change
increase from c2-c7
which vertabrae have the largest foramina
cervical
whats different about the spinous processes of C2-C6
bifid and short
what do the transverse processes of the cervical vertabrae have that the others dont
transverse foramen
what is between the superior and inferior processes of the same vertabrae
articular pillars
describe C1
atlas
no body or spinous process
superior articular process forms the atlanto-occipital joint
describe C2
axis
odontoid process or dens
blunt spinous process
rotation to say “no” - atlanto-axial joint
describe C7
vertebra prominens
external landmark
long non bifid spinous process
how do the vertabral bodies of the thoracic vertabrae change
increase in body size from T1-T12
which of the thoracic vertabrae resemble cervical ones
upper bodies (T1-4)
which of the thoracic vertebrae resemble the lumbar ones
lower bodies (T9-12)
describe the spinous process of the thoracic vertabrae
long and project inferiorly
describe the transverse process of the thoracic vertabrae
large and are at the junction of the pedicle and lamina
what is a distingushing factor of the thoracic vertebrae
facets for articulations with ribs
what are the articulations with the ribs called
costovertebral joints
describe the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
the largest of all the vertebrae
L5 being the largest
deeper anteriorly compared to laterally
concave anteriorly and laterally
describe the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae
thick blunt and project horizontally
describe the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
smaller compared to thoracic
where does the spinal cord end
the disc between L1 and L2
describe the pars interarticularis
part of lamina between superior and inferior articular processes
neck of the scotty dog on oblique lumbar spine images
what is spondylolysis
a fracture to the pars interarticularis
what is spondylolisthesis
fracture of both pars interarticularis
vertebrae slips
what are all the parts of the scotty dog and what do they represent
ear- superior articular process
nose- transverse process
eye- pedicle
neck- pars interarticularis
leg- inferior articular process
what way does the scotty dog face in an LPO
left
what forms the intervertabral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae
superior and inferior vertebral notch
describe the sacrum (5 things)
triangular shaped bone
base is superior
apex is inferior
5 fused vertabrae
concave curve anteriorly (females have greater curve)
what are the 3 parts of the base of the sacrum
sacral ala
sacral promontory
2 superior articular processes
what forms the scral ala
fused transverse process of S1
what forms the SI joint
auricular surface on lateral edge of sacrum with auricular surface of illium
what can you see on a posterior view of the sacrum
median sacral crest
lateral sacral crest
sacral foramina
scaral hiatus
sacral cornu
what does the apex of the sacrum articulate with
coccyx
what do the superior articular processes of the sacrum articulate with
the inferior articular processes of L5
what is the sacral hiatus
the lamina of S% that fail to meet in the middle
where is the sacral cornu
adjancent to the sacral hiatus
inferior to articular process of S5
what make the median sacral crest
fused spinous processes
what makes the lateral sacral crest
fused transverse processes
describe the coccyx
triangular
base is superior and articulates with the sacrum
apex is inferior, at level of pubic symphysis
4 rudementary vertabrae fused
forms later in life 20-30
what forms the thoracic cage
thoracic vertabrae
ribs
sternum
what is the purpose of the thoracic cage
encloses and protects the organs and vessels in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities
describe the sternum
flat bone (red bone marrow)
anterior connection for ribs
made of manubrium, body and xiphoid process
describe the manubrium
jugular notch, disc space between T2 and T3
clavicular notch
first rib attaches just below SC joint
sternal angle is the junction between manubrium and body
describe body of sternum
the sternal angle
- 2nd rib attachment
- disc space between T4 and T5
ribs 3-7 attach directly to body
describe xiphoid process
good landmark for bottom of heart or diaphragm
T10
