vertabrae and bony thorax Flashcards

1
Q

how many vertabrae are in a child comapred to adult

A

33 and 26

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2
Q

in an adult how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertabrae

A

7, 12, 5

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3
Q

what are the types of curves in the spine

A

(primary) cerical and lumbar - lordotic curve
(secondary) thoraic and sacrum/coccyx - kyphodic

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4
Q

why does the vertabrae have different curves

A

increase strangth of vertabral collum
helps maintain balance
helps absorb shock
protects from fractures

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5
Q

what are the abnormal curves of the spine

A

kyphosis- only in thoracic region, exageration of normal curve
lordosis - cervical and lumbar, exageration of normal curve
scoliosis- rotation of vertabrae, lateral curves

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6
Q

what are the parts of a typical veratbrae

A

vertabral body
vertabral arch
- 2 pedicles and 2 lamina
- 7 processes come off of it
- 2 superior and inferior articular processes
- 2 transverse processes (where pedicle and
lamina meet)
- spinous process
vertabral formaina

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7
Q

what are the typical vertabral joints

A

intervertabral discs
zygopophyseal joints

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8
Q

what and how are the zygopophyseal joints formed

A

articulation between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertabrae
(also called facet joints)

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9
Q

what are the outer and inner parts of the intervertabral discs

A

nucleus pulpous
- inside
annulus fibrous
- outside

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10
Q

what are the cervical vertabrae which are typical or atypical

A

C1- atlas
C2-axis
C7- vertabral prominens
C1,2,7 are atypical
C3-6 are typical

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11
Q

which vertabrae has no body

A

atlas C1

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12
Q

how do the size of the cervical vertabrae bodies change

A

increase from c2-c7

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13
Q

which vertabrae have the largest foramina

A

cervical

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14
Q

whats different about the spinous processes of C2-C6

A

bifid and short

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15
Q

what do the transverse processes of the cervical vertabrae have that the others dont

A

transverse foramen

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16
Q

what is between the superior and inferior processes of the same vertabrae

A

articular pillars

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17
Q

describe C1

A

atlas
no body or spinous process
superior articular process forms the atlanto-occipital joint

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18
Q

describe C2

A

axis
odontoid process or dens
blunt spinous process
rotation to say “no” - atlanto-axial joint

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19
Q

describe C7

A

vertebra prominens
external landmark
long non bifid spinous process

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20
Q

how do the vertabral bodies of the thoracic vertabrae change

A

increase in body size from T1-T12

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21
Q

which of the thoracic vertabrae resemble cervical ones

A

upper bodies (T1-4)

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22
Q

which of the thoracic vertebrae resemble the lumbar ones

A

lower bodies (T9-12)

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23
Q

describe the spinous process of the thoracic vertabrae

A

long and project inferiorly

24
Q

describe the transverse process of the thoracic vertabrae

A

large and are at the junction of the pedicle and lamina

25
Q

what is a distingushing factor of the thoracic vertebrae

A

facets for articulations with ribs

26
Q

what are the articulations with the ribs called

A

costovertebral joints

27
Q

describe the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae

A

the largest of all the vertebrae
L5 being the largest
deeper anteriorly compared to laterally
concave anteriorly and laterally

28
Q

describe the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae

A

thick blunt and project horizontally

29
Q

describe the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

A

smaller compared to thoracic

30
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

the disc between L1 and L2

31
Q

describe the pars interarticularis

A

part of lamina between superior and inferior articular processes
neck of the scotty dog on oblique lumbar spine images

32
Q

what is spondylolysis

A

a fracture to the pars interarticularis

33
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

fracture of both pars interarticularis
vertebrae slips

34
Q

what are all the parts of the scotty dog and what do they represent

A

ear- superior articular process
nose- transverse process
eye- pedicle
neck- pars interarticularis
leg- inferior articular process

35
Q

what way does the scotty dog face in an LPO

A

left

36
Q

what forms the intervertabral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae

A

superior and inferior vertebral notch

37
Q

describe the sacrum (5 things)

A

triangular shaped bone
base is superior
apex is inferior
5 fused vertabrae
concave curve anteriorly (females have greater curve)

38
Q

what are the 3 parts of the base of the sacrum

A

sacral ala
sacral promontory
2 superior articular processes

39
Q

what forms the scral ala

A

fused transverse process of S1

40
Q

what forms the SI joint

A

auricular surface on lateral edge of sacrum with auricular surface of illium

41
Q

what can you see on a posterior view of the sacrum

A

median sacral crest
lateral sacral crest
sacral foramina
scaral hiatus
sacral cornu

41
Q

what does the apex of the sacrum articulate with

A

coccyx

41
Q

what do the superior articular processes of the sacrum articulate with

A

the inferior articular processes of L5

42
Q

what is the sacral hiatus

A

the lamina of S% that fail to meet in the middle

43
Q

where is the sacral cornu

A

adjancent to the sacral hiatus
inferior to articular process of S5

44
Q

what make the median sacral crest

A

fused spinous processes

45
Q

what makes the lateral sacral crest

A

fused transverse processes

46
Q

describe the coccyx

A

triangular
base is superior and articulates with the sacrum
apex is inferior, at level of pubic symphysis
4 rudementary vertabrae fused
forms later in life 20-30

47
Q

what forms the thoracic cage

A

thoracic vertabrae
ribs
sternum

48
Q

what is the purpose of the thoracic cage

A

encloses and protects the organs and vessels in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities

49
Q

describe the sternum

A

flat bone (red bone marrow)
anterior connection for ribs
made of manubrium, body and xiphoid process

50
Q

describe the manubrium

A

jugular notch, disc space between T2 and T3
clavicular notch
first rib attaches just below SC joint
sternal angle is the junction between manubrium and body

51
Q

describe body of sternum

A

the sternal angle
- 2nd rib attachment
- disc space between T4 and T5
ribs 3-7 attach directly to body

52
Q

describe xiphoid process

A

good landmark for bottom of heart or diaphragm
T10

53
Q
A