vertabrae and bony thorax Flashcards
how many vertabrae are in a child comapred to adult
33 and 26
in an adult how many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertabrae
7, 12, 5
what are the types of curves in the spine
(primary) cerical and lumbar - lordotic curve
(secondary) thoraic and sacrum/coccyx - kyphodic
why does the vertabrae have different curves
increase strangth of vertabral collum
helps maintain balance
helps absorb shock
protects from fractures
what are the abnormal curves of the spine
kyphosis- only in thoracic region, exageration of normal curve
lordosis - cervical and lumbar, exageration of normal curve
scoliosis- rotation of vertabrae, lateral curves
what are the parts of a typical veratbrae
vertabral body
vertabral arch
- 2 pedicles and 2 lamina
- 7 processes come off of it
- 2 superior and inferior articular processes
- 2 transverse processes (where pedicle and
lamina meet)
- spinous process
vertabral formaina
what are the typical vertabral joints
intervertabral discs
zygopophyseal joints
what and how are the zygopophyseal joints formed
articulation between superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertabrae
(also called facet joints)
what are the outer and inner parts of the intervertabral discs
nucleus pulpous
- inside
annulus fibrous
- outside
what are the cervical vertabrae which are typical or atypical
C1- atlas
C2-axis
C7- vertabral prominens
C1,2,7 are atypical
C3-6 are typical
which vertabrae has no body
atlas C1
how do the size of the cervical vertabrae bodies change
increase from c2-c7
which vertabrae have the largest foramina
cervical
whats different about the spinous processes of C2-C6
bifid and short
what do the transverse processes of the cervical vertabrae have that the others dont
transverse foramen
what is between the superior and inferior processes of the same vertabrae
articular pillars
describe C1
atlas
no body or spinous process
superior articular process forms the atlanto-occipital joint
describe C2
axis
odontoid process or dens
blunt spinous process
rotation to say “no” - atlanto-axial joint
describe C7
vertebra prominens
external landmark
long non bifid spinous process
how do the vertabral bodies of the thoracic vertabrae change
increase in body size from T1-T12
which of the thoracic vertabrae resemble cervical ones
upper bodies (T1-4)
which of the thoracic vertebrae resemble the lumbar ones
lower bodies (T9-12)