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MRT > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the respiratory system

A

gas exchange
regulate blood ph
smell
filters and warms inhaled air
voice production
excreates small amounts of water and heat

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2
Q

what are the 3 cavities of the respiratory system

A

nasal
oral
thoracic

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3
Q

what is in the thoracic cavity

A

lungs
heart
thymus gland

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4
Q

how is the thoracic cavity seperated from the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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5
Q

what is the mediastinum and what does it contain

A

the area between the lungs
contains:
heart
aorta, SVC, IVC
trachea
Esophagus
thymus

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6
Q

what are the 3 cavities within the thoracic cavity

A

1 pericardial cavity
2 pleural cavities

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7
Q

what is the pericardial cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal layers around the heart

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8
Q

what is a pleural cavity

A

space between visceral and parietal layers around lungs

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9
Q

what is a pleura

A

double walled serous membrane

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10
Q

what is the outer part of the pleura called and what does it line

A

parietal pleurs
lines the superior portion of diaphragm and chest wall

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11
Q

what is the inner part of the pleura called and what does it line

A

visceral pleura
lines the surface of the lungs

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12
Q

what are the parts of the respiratory system

A

nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

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13
Q

how can you classify the respiratory system

A

structurally and functionally

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14
Q

what are the structural classifications of the respiratory system

A

upper respiratory
- nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
lower repiratory
- larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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15
Q

what are the functional classifications

A

conduction zone
respiratory zone

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16
Q

what is the function and parts of the conducting zone

A

connecting cavities and tube
- nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
filters warm and moistens air to and from lungs

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17
Q

what are the functions and parts of the repiratory zone

A

where gas exchange occurs
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli

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18
Q

what are the functions of the nasal cavity

A

warm, filter, moisten incoming air
detect olfactory stimuli

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19
Q

what are the regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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20
Q

where is the nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity

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21
Q

what are the parts of the nasopharynx

A

2 eustachian tubes (auditoy tubes)
1 pharyngeal tonsil or adenoid

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22
Q

where is the oropharynx

A

extends from the soft palate to thee hyoid bone

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23
Q

what functions do the oropharynx have

A

digestive - passageway for food
respiratory - passageway for air

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24
Q

what tonsils are in the oropharynx

A

lingual and palatine

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25
Q

where is the laryngopharynx

A

hyoid to esophagus

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26
Q

where is the larynx (voice

A

connects laryngopharynx to trachea
anterior to esophagus from C4-C6

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27
Q

what makes up the larynx

A

9 cartilages
- thyroid
- cricoid
- elastic

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28
Q

what is the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
where

A

adams apple
landmark for C5
connected to hyoid bone

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29
Q

what does the cricoid cartilage of the larynx for and what is it attached to

A

forms inferior wall
attached to trachea (C6)

30
Q

what forms the epiglottis

A

leaf shaped elastic cartilage

31
Q

what is the glottis

A

pair of folds of a mucus membrane
has vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
and vocal cords

32
Q

which folds of the glottis are superior

A

vestibular

33
Q

where is the trachea

A

C6-T5 (carina)
anterior to esophagus

34
Q

what forms the trachea

A

16-20 c shaped cartilages stached on top of one another
opens posteriorly

35
Q

where does the trachea split into the bronchi

A

at the carina

36
Q

which bronchi is more vertical, shorter, and wider

A

right main stem

37
Q

what are all the parts of the bronchia tree

A

main stem bronchi
lobar bronchi (secondary)
segmental bronchi (tertiary)
bronchioles
terminal bronchiales
- lung lobule
–respiratory bronchioles

38
Q

how many lobar and sgmental bronchi do the right and left lungs have

A

right
- 3 lobar
- 10 segmental

left
- 2 lobar bronchi
- 10 segmental

39
Q

what are in the lung lobules

A

lymphatic vessels
arteriole
venule
branch from terminal bronchiole

40
Q

what kind of cells are in the alveoli

A

type 1 and 2

41
Q

what is the main purpose of type 1 cells

A

main site of gas exchange

42
Q

what is the purpose of type 2 cells

A

secrete surfactant
- lowers surface tension
reduces tendancy of collapse

43
Q

what is lung tissue called

A

lung parenchyma

44
Q

what is the top portion of the lungs called

A

apex or apices

45
Q

where do the lung apices start

A

T1
so make sure in images vertabra prominens is in light

46
Q

what is the bottom portion of the lungs called

A

bases

47
Q

how do the bases of the lung sit

A

rest on diaphragm
extened lower posteriorly and laterally

48
Q

what is the outermost lower corner of the lungs called

A

costophrenic angles

49
Q

what is the root of the lung

A

hilum

50
Q

what is the cardiac notch

A

only on the left lung where the heart sits

51
Q

what part of which rib do you need to see to know its full inspiration

A

posterior portion of 10th rib above diaphragm

52
Q

what are the lobes of the right lung

A

upper, middle and lower

53
Q

what are the fissures of the right lung and what lobes are they between

A

horizontal fissure - upper and middle
oblique fissure- middle and lower

54
Q

what are the lobes of the left lung

A

upper and lower

55
Q

what are the fissures of the left lung and which lobes do they seperate

A

oblique - upper and lower

56
Q

what is the role of the right and left pulmonary arteries

A

carry DEOXYGENATED blood from right side of heart to cappilaries surrounding alveoli

57
Q

what is the role of bronchial arteries

A

carry OXYGENATED blood to supply muscular walls of bronchi and bronchioles

58
Q

what is the role of the pulmonary veins

A

carry OXYGENATED blood from capilaries surrounding alveoli back to left side of the heart

59
Q

what are the 3 processes of gas exchange

A

pulmonary ventilation
external/pulmonary respiration
internal/tissue respiation

60
Q

what is the process of pulmonary ventilation

A

exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli
inspiration and exhalation

61
Q

what is the process of external/pulmonary respiration

A

exchange of gases between alveoli and surrounding capilaries

62
Q

what is the process of internal of tissue respiration

A

exchange of gases between blood in systematic capillaries and tissues

63
Q

when is the pressure inside the lungs equal to the atmosphere

A

between breaths

64
Q

what does the pressure inside the lungs need to be during inspiration

A

less than atmosphere

65
Q

describe the process of inspiration

A

diaphragm muscles contract (75% of the air entering lung)
External intercostal muscles contract elevating the ribs (25% of air entering lungs)

increase volume of lungs and decrease pressure (boyles law)

66
Q

decribe the process of normal expiration

A

during quiet breathing is passive process no energy
elastic recoil
relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostals

67
Q

describe the process of forced expiration

A

like playing a wind instrument
active process
contraction of the abdominal muscles and internal intercostals aid

68
Q

where is the respiratory center

A

brain stem (pons and medulla)

69
Q

what is the function of the respiratory center

A

monitors and controls the repiratory rate by stimulating muscle contraction

70
Q

what is boyles law

A

P=1/V
as volume increases pressure decreases

71
Q

what is daltons law

A

patrial pressures of O2 and CO2 determine their movement
- from higher to lower partial pressure

MRT (4 decks)

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