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NPTE > Version 1 > Flashcards

Version 1 Flashcards

1
Q

PaO2 normal values

A

75-100 mmHg

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2
Q

PaCO2 normal values

A

35-45 mmHg

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3
Q

pH normal value

A

7.35 - 7.45

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4
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) normal

A

23-29 mEq/L

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5
Q

Hematocrit normal values

A

male: 40-54%;
female: 37-47%;
newborn: 50-62%

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6
Q

hemoglobin normal value

A

12-16 g/100 mm

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7
Q

Obstructive lung disease: TLC, FRC, RV

A

TLC increases; FRC increases; RV: increases

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8
Q

Obstructive lung dz: vital capacity, PaCO2, FEV1

A

VC: decreases; PaCO2 increases; FEV1 sharp decrease

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9
Q

restrictive lung dz: TLC, FRC, RV

A

decreases, decreases, decreases

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10
Q

restrictive lung dz: VC, PaCO2, FEV1

A

decreases, decreases, normal

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11
Q

normal percentages for VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC

A

> 80%, >80%, >70%

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12
Q

mild severity for VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC

A

66-80%, 66-80, 60-70

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13
Q

moderate severity for VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC

A

50-65%, 50-65, 45-59

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14
Q

heart block

A

spread of electrical excitation to heart mm is interrupted/slowed; atropine (cholingergic antagonist) is given

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15
Q

phase 1 cardiac rehab: exercise guidelines

A

post-MI: limited to 70% max HR and/or 5 METs until 6 weeks post-MI;
short exercise sessions: 2-3x/day, gradually duration is lengthened, frequency is decreased.
post-surgical patients: lifting activities restricted for 6 weeks;

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16
Q

inpatient & outpatient cardiac rehab initial exercise prescription

A

1:1 (exercise/rest) for inpatient; outpatient = 2:1 exercise/rest with goal of 5:1 later on

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17
Q

unilateral spondylolysis subacute strengthening

A

multifidi strengthening (segmental) from full flexion to neutral (abdominal strengthening may not provide enough segmental stability)

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18
Q

needs assessment (pediatrics–instructing the parents)

A

determine level of anxiety and ability to attend to instructions given

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19
Q

chop and reverse chop (R arm)

A

chop: D1F –> D1E (R arm leading)

reverse chop: D1E –>D1F

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20
Q

exercise prescription for sedentary deconditioned individual

A

60-90% HR max (initial) = 50-85% VO2 max = 50-85% HR reserve (Karvonen’s)

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21
Q

stages of COPD (gold)

A

stage I: FEV1/FVC = 80%, with/without chronic symptoms

stage II: FEV1/FVC > 70%; 50%

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22
Q

low-pressure wound irrigation

A

good for decreasing colonization and preventing infection

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23
Q

whirlpool, when is it inappropriate

A

if there is granulation tissue

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24
Q

guillain-barre syndrome

A

polyneuropathy, symmetric motor paralysis and progressive mm weakness;
ascending phase: contractures, skin protection, PROM to tolerance, respiratory PT;
stabilized phase: mm protection, prevent fatigue/overuse, start gentle stretching, initiate controlled movement;
descending phase: cardio fitness, endurance, energy conservation

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25
Q

valsalva maneuver effects

A

decreases HR and increases venous pressure (due to increased intrathoracic pressure); on relaxation, blood rushes to heart and can overload cardiac system.

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26
Q

fall risk outcome measures

A

TUG > 30 seconds, tinetti

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27
Q

continuous EMG activity in LE during quiet standing

A

gastroc and soleus (due to line of gravity anterior to lateral malleolus)

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28
Q

lymphatic drainage compression wrap guidelines

A

initially use short stretch compression wrap (comprilan) that have low resting pressure and high working pressure. It has enough pressure to enhance lymphatic return at rest, improve activity of lymphangion (contractile unit of the lymphatic system) and facilitate increased return during mm pumping activities.

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29
Q

hemiplegic wheelchair

A

seat height = 17.5 inches to allow use of sound UE/LE for propulsion; *standard height seat = 20 inches; desk armrest allow patient to get close to tables, work surfaces.

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30
Q

descending stairs ankle ROM

A

must have adequate dorsiflexion during single limb support phase

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31
Q

atropine

A

anti-cholinergic, increases HR and contractility

32
Q

osteoporosis: exercises to avoid

A

avoid trunk flexion and rotation (increase risk of compression fractures)

33
Q

platelet count

A

light ex: 20-30k

34
Q

WBC

A
35
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A
36
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A
37
Q

capsular pattern of restriction: TMJ

A

limitation on opening, lateral deviation greater to uninvolved side, deviation on opening to involved side.
Normal paramaters for TMJ: 25-35 mm functional, 35-50 mm normal, normal protrusion 3-6 mm, normal lateral deviation 10-15 mm

38
Q

signs of L ventricular failure

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, S3 heart gallop, s&s of pulmonary edema (marked dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis, diaphoresis, tachypnea, anxiety and agitation)

39
Q

signs of R ventricular failure

A

dependent edema of ankles (pitting), weight gain, fatigue, R upper quadrant pain, anorexia, nausea, bloating, right-sided S3 or S4, cyanosis of nail beds, decreased urine output

40
Q

bowel program for T11, T12

A

T11: produces UMN or spastic bowel with intact spinal defecation reflexes –>use digital stimulation
T12 and below: LMN or flaccid bowel occurs with loss of spinal defecation reflexes –>response to meds less effective, manual removal of stool may be required

41
Q

lhermitte’s sign

A

sign of posterior column damage in spinal cord; flexion of neck produces electric shock-like painful sensation running down spine and into LEs, seen in patients with MS.

42
Q

Uthoff’s sign

A

adverse reaction to heat, seen in patients with MS

43
Q

normal blood values

A

WBC: 4-11k
Hct: 35-48
Hgb: 12-16g/dL

44
Q

signs of lower urinary tract infection

A

difficulty urinating, refers pain to low back

45
Q

FES for spasticity

A

5 second ramp up so as not to increase spasticity; ramp down has no effect on spasticity

46
Q

home environment for w/c dependent patient

A

horizontal grab bars: 33-36 in; minimum ramp slope is 1:12; toilet seat 17-19 inches (about 1.5 feet); minimum doorway width/clearance is 32 inches, ideally 36 inches

47
Q

sickness impact profile (SIP)

A

valid measure of perceived health or health benefits

48
Q

normal ecg response during stress test ie bruce protocol

A 
P wave increases in height
R wave decreases in height
J point becomes depressed
ST segment becomes sharply upsloping
Q-T interval shortens
T wave decreases in height
49
Q

hypomagnesemia effects

A

coronary artery vasospasm, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death

50
Q

hypocalcemia effects

A

depressed heart actions

51
Q

hypermagnesemia

A

acts as calcium channel blocker, can lead to arrhythmias or cardiac arrest

52
Q

hyperkalemia

A

decreases rate and force of contraction; widened PR interval and QRS, tall T waves.

53
Q

hypokalemia

A

flattened T waves, prolonged PR and QT intervals, arrhythmias, may progress to ventricular fibrillation

54
Q

radiographic fluorscopy: cardiopulm

A

assess diaphragmatic excursion

55
Q

V/Q scan

A

radiographic test for detecting presence of pulmonary emboli

56
Q

endotracheal suctioning time

A

10 to 15 seconds

57
Q

S3 heart sound

A

R diastolic ventricular filling; normal in young ppl and trained athletes;
ventricular gallop: older ppl with heart dz, commonly heart with CHF

58
Q

S4 heart sound

A

ventricular filling due to atrial contraction; may indicate hypertension, CAD, status after MI, aortic stenosis, any condition in which heart loses its compliance

59
Q

Huffing technique

A

good for patients who have collapsible airways ie copd

60
Q

purpose of diaphragmatic breathing

A

improve ventilation, improve gas exchange, relaxation, work of breathing, maintain/improve chest wall mobility

61
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis

A

diabetes, renal insufficiency or failure, diarrhea; may lead to stupor and coma (death)

62
Q

central cord lesion

A

cavitation of central cord in cervical section;
loss of spinothalamic tracts with bilateral loss of pain and temp;
loss of ventral horn with bilateral loss of motor function: primarily UE
preservation of proprioception and discriminatory sensation

63
Q

cauda equina: LMN lesion

A

loss of long nerve roots at/below L1
flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex activity
flaccid paralysis of bowel bladder
potential for nerve regeneration, often incomplete, slows and stops after about 1 year

64
Q

ASIA scale

A

A: complete, no motor/sensory function preserved in S4-5
B: incomplete, no motor, sensory preserved below neurological level, includes S4-5
C: incomplete, motor preserved below neuro level, most key mms below neuro level with grade 3
E: normal motor and sensory

65
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

NMJ disorder, progressive mm weakness and fatigability on exertion; autoimmune Ab attack on Ach receptors at NMJ.
4 types: ocular, mild generalized, severe generalized (bulbar and proximal limb-girdle mms, varies from mild to severe within 18 months), crisis (respiratory failure)

66
Q

visual agnosia

A

occipital cortex lesion

67
Q

visual-spatial disorder

A

parietal cortex lesion

68
Q

nonfluent aphasia

A

frontal lobe lesion

69
Q

temporal lobe lesion

A

profound memory loss of recent events, no new learning; decreased ability to localize sounds

70
Q

wallenburg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)

A 
PICA syndrome
ipsilateral pain & temp to face
contralateral body pain and temp
ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus, nausea
ipsilateral horner's syndrome
hoarseness, dysphagia
ipsilateral decreased taste
71
Q

associated causes of hypokalemia

A

metabolic acidosis, alkalosis, diarrhea, vomiting renal tubular dz

72
Q

associated causes of hyperkalemia

A

inadequate secretion with renal failure, sickle cell, diabetic ketoacidosis

73
Q

difference between metabolic acidosis and alkalosis symptoms

A

alkalosis –>irritability, agitation, convulsions

74
Q

normal ion levels

A

potassium: 3.5 - 5.5
sodium: 135-146
Ca 8.4 - 10.4
Mg 1.8 - 2.4

75
Q

causes of hypomagnesemia

A

chronic pancreatitis, hemodialysis, chronic renal dz, hypoparathyroidism

76
Q

signs of respiratory alkalosis

A

dizziness, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, numbness and tingling, tetany/twitching, arrhythmias, convulsions

77
Q

causes of hypermagnesemia

A

renal failure, hypothyroidism, Addison’s dz

NPTE (2 decks)

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