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Version 1 Flashcards

1
Q

PaO2 normal values

A

75-100 mmHg

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2
Q

PaCO2 normal values

A

35-45 mmHg

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3
Q

pH normal value

A

7.35 - 7.45

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4
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) normal

A

23-29 mEq/L

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5
Q

Hematocrit normal values

A

male: 40-54%;
female: 37-47%;
newborn: 50-62%

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6
Q

hemoglobin normal value

A

12-16 g/100 mm

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7
Q

Obstructive lung disease: TLC, FRC, RV

A

TLC increases; FRC increases; RV: increases

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8
Q

Obstructive lung dz: vital capacity, PaCO2, FEV1

A

VC: decreases; PaCO2 increases; FEV1 sharp decrease

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9
Q

restrictive lung dz: TLC, FRC, RV

A

decreases, decreases, decreases

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10
Q

restrictive lung dz: VC, PaCO2, FEV1

A

decreases, decreases, normal

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11
Q

normal percentages for VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC

A

> 80%, >80%, >70%

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12
Q

mild severity for VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC

A

66-80%, 66-80, 60-70

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13
Q

moderate severity for VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC

A

50-65%, 50-65, 45-59

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14
Q

heart block

A

spread of electrical excitation to heart mm is interrupted/slowed; atropine (cholingergic antagonist) is given

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15
Q

phase 1 cardiac rehab: exercise guidelines

A

post-MI: limited to 70% max HR and/or 5 METs until 6 weeks post-MI;
short exercise sessions: 2-3x/day, gradually duration is lengthened, frequency is decreased.
post-surgical patients: lifting activities restricted for 6 weeks;

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16
Q

inpatient & outpatient cardiac rehab initial exercise prescription

A

1:1 (exercise/rest) for inpatient; outpatient = 2:1 exercise/rest with goal of 5:1 later on

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17
Q

unilateral spondylolysis subacute strengthening

A

multifidi strengthening (segmental) from full flexion to neutral (abdominal strengthening may not provide enough segmental stability)

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18
Q

needs assessment (pediatrics–instructing the parents)

A

determine level of anxiety and ability to attend to instructions given

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19
Q

chop and reverse chop (R arm)

A

chop: D1F –> D1E (R arm leading)

reverse chop: D1E –>D1F

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20
Q

exercise prescription for sedentary deconditioned individual

A

60-90% HR max (initial) = 50-85% VO2 max = 50-85% HR reserve (Karvonen’s)

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21
Q

stages of COPD (gold)

A

stage I: FEV1/FVC = 80%, with/without chronic symptoms

stage II: FEV1/FVC > 70%; 50%

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22
Q

low-pressure wound irrigation

A

good for decreasing colonization and preventing infection

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23
Q

whirlpool, when is it inappropriate

A

if there is granulation tissue

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24
Q

guillain-barre syndrome

A

polyneuropathy, symmetric motor paralysis and progressive mm weakness;
ascending phase: contractures, skin protection, PROM to tolerance, respiratory PT;
stabilized phase: mm protection, prevent fatigue/overuse, start gentle stretching, initiate controlled movement;
descending phase: cardio fitness, endurance, energy conservation

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25
valsalva maneuver effects
decreases HR and increases venous pressure (due to increased intrathoracic pressure); on relaxation, blood rushes to heart and can overload cardiac system.
26
fall risk outcome measures
TUG > 30 seconds, tinetti
27
continuous EMG activity in LE during quiet standing
gastroc and soleus (due to line of gravity anterior to lateral malleolus)
28
lymphatic drainage compression wrap guidelines
initially use short stretch compression wrap (comprilan) that have low resting pressure and high working pressure. It has enough pressure to enhance lymphatic return at rest, improve activity of lymphangion (contractile unit of the lymphatic system) and facilitate increased return during mm pumping activities.
29
hemiplegic wheelchair
seat height = 17.5 inches to allow use of sound UE/LE for propulsion; *standard height seat = 20 inches; desk armrest allow patient to get close to tables, work surfaces.
30
descending stairs ankle ROM
must have adequate dorsiflexion during single limb support phase
31
atropine
anti-cholinergic, increases HR and contractility
32
osteoporosis: exercises to avoid
avoid trunk flexion and rotation (increase risk of compression fractures)
33
platelet count
light ex: 20-30k
34
WBC
35
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
36
Hematocrit (Hct)
37
capsular pattern of restriction: TMJ
limitation on opening, lateral deviation greater to uninvolved side, deviation on opening to involved side. Normal paramaters for TMJ: 25-35 mm functional, 35-50 mm normal, normal protrusion 3-6 mm, normal lateral deviation 10-15 mm
38
signs of L ventricular failure
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, S3 heart gallop, s&s of pulmonary edema (marked dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis, diaphoresis, tachypnea, anxiety and agitation)
39
signs of R ventricular failure
dependent edema of ankles (pitting), weight gain, fatigue, R upper quadrant pain, anorexia, nausea, bloating, right-sided S3 or S4, cyanosis of nail beds, decreased urine output
40
bowel program for T11, T12
T11: produces UMN or spastic bowel with intact spinal defecation reflexes -->use digital stimulation T12 and below: LMN or flaccid bowel occurs with loss of spinal defecation reflexes -->response to meds less effective, manual removal of stool may be required
41
lhermitte's sign
sign of posterior column damage in spinal cord; flexion of neck produces electric shock-like painful sensation running down spine and into LEs, seen in patients with MS.
42
Uthoff's sign
adverse reaction to heat, seen in patients with MS
43
normal blood values
WBC: 4-11k Hct: 35-48 Hgb: 12-16g/dL
44
signs of lower urinary tract infection
difficulty urinating, refers pain to low back
45
FES for spasticity
5 second ramp up so as not to increase spasticity; ramp down has no effect on spasticity
46
home environment for w/c dependent patient
horizontal grab bars: 33-36 in; minimum ramp slope is 1:12; toilet seat 17-19 inches (about 1.5 feet); minimum doorway width/clearance is 32 inches, ideally 36 inches
47
sickness impact profile (SIP)
valid measure of perceived health or health benefits
48
normal ecg response during stress test ie bruce protocol
``` P wave increases in height R wave decreases in height J point becomes depressed ST segment becomes sharply upsloping Q-T interval shortens T wave decreases in height ```
49
hypomagnesemia effects
coronary artery vasospasm, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death
50
hypocalcemia effects
depressed heart actions
51
hypermagnesemia
acts as calcium channel blocker, can lead to arrhythmias or cardiac arrest
52
hyperkalemia
decreases rate and force of contraction; widened PR interval and QRS, tall T waves.
53
hypokalemia
flattened T waves, prolonged PR and QT intervals, arrhythmias, may progress to ventricular fibrillation
54
radiographic fluorscopy: cardiopulm
assess diaphragmatic excursion
55
V/Q scan
radiographic test for detecting presence of pulmonary emboli
56
endotracheal suctioning time
10 to 15 seconds
57
S3 heart sound
R diastolic ventricular filling; normal in young ppl and trained athletes; ventricular gallop: older ppl with heart dz, commonly heart with CHF
58
S4 heart sound
ventricular filling due to atrial contraction; may indicate hypertension, CAD, status after MI, aortic stenosis, any condition in which heart loses its compliance
59
Huffing technique
good for patients who have collapsible airways ie copd
60
purpose of diaphragmatic breathing
improve ventilation, improve gas exchange, relaxation, work of breathing, maintain/improve chest wall mobility
61
causes of metabolic acidosis
diabetes, renal insufficiency or failure, diarrhea; may lead to stupor and coma (death)
62
central cord lesion
cavitation of central cord in cervical section; loss of spinothalamic tracts with bilateral loss of pain and temp; loss of ventral horn with bilateral loss of motor function: primarily UE preservation of proprioception and discriminatory sensation
63
cauda equina: LMN lesion
loss of long nerve roots at/below L1 flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex activity flaccid paralysis of bowel bladder potential for nerve regeneration, often incomplete, slows and stops after about 1 year
64
ASIA scale
A: complete, no motor/sensory function preserved in S4-5 B: incomplete, no motor, sensory preserved below neurological level, includes S4-5 C: incomplete, motor preserved below neuro level, most key mms below neuro level with grade 3 E: normal motor and sensory
65
myasthenia gravis
NMJ disorder, progressive mm weakness and fatigability on exertion; autoimmune Ab attack on Ach receptors at NMJ. 4 types: ocular, mild generalized, severe generalized (bulbar and proximal limb-girdle mms, varies from mild to severe within 18 months), crisis (respiratory failure)
66
visual agnosia
occipital cortex lesion
67
visual-spatial disorder
parietal cortex lesion
68
nonfluent aphasia
frontal lobe lesion
69
temporal lobe lesion
profound memory loss of recent events, no new learning; decreased ability to localize sounds
70
wallenburg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)
``` PICA syndrome ipsilateral pain & temp to face contralateral body pain and temp ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus, nausea ipsilateral horner's syndrome hoarseness, dysphagia ipsilateral decreased taste ```
71
associated causes of hypokalemia
metabolic acidosis, alkalosis, diarrhea, vomiting renal tubular dz
72
associated causes of hyperkalemia
inadequate secretion with renal failure, sickle cell, diabetic ketoacidosis
73
difference between metabolic acidosis and alkalosis symptoms
alkalosis -->irritability, agitation, convulsions
74
normal ion levels
potassium: 3.5 - 5.5 sodium: 135-146 Ca 8.4 - 10.4 Mg 1.8 - 2.4
75
causes of hypomagnesemia
chronic pancreatitis, hemodialysis, chronic renal dz, hypoparathyroidism
76
signs of respiratory alkalosis
dizziness, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, numbness and tingling, tetany/twitching, arrhythmias, convulsions
77
causes of hypermagnesemia
renal failure, hypothyroidism, Addison's dz

NPTE (2 decks)

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