Endocrine/metabolic

Question 1

addison’s dz

Answer 1

autoimmune dz; underproduction of cortisol and aldosterone

Question 2

cushing’s syndrome

Answer 2

oversecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex or long-term use of corticosteroids due to inflammatory disorders (i.e. iatrogenic)

Question 3

chvostek’s sign

Answer 3

twitching of facial mms with tapping of facial nerve in front of ear; seen with hypoparathyroidism

Question 4

metabolic alkalosis symptoms

Answer 4

slow shallow breathing, irritability, agitation, restlessness, mm weakness, paresthesias, convulsions, mm fasciculation and cramping, confusion, nausea

Question 5

metabolic acidosis symptoms

Answer 5

HA, fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy, N&V, diarrhea, mm twitching, convulsions, coma, rapid deep breathing

Question 6

hemochromatosis

Answer 6

autosomal recessive hereditary disorder caused by excessive absorption of iron by small intestines; asymptomatic in early stages; symptoms: arthropathy, arthralgia, myalgia, progressive weakness, bilateral pitting edema of LE, hyperpigmentation of skin, CHF, loss of body hair, DM

Question 7

rickets

Answer 7

osteomalacia in children (softening of bones without loss of bone matrix); can be caused by vitamin D deficiency

Question 8

neurological symptoms of liver dz

Answer 8

confusion, sleep disturbances, hyperactive reflexes, asterixis (flapping tremor usually of hands)

Question 9

Difference between duodenal ulcer pain and stomach ulcer pain

Answer 9

duodenal ulcer pain is prominent when stomach is empty, between meals, and in early morning;
stomach ulcer pain is related to secretion of acid, presence of food increases pain.

Question 10

appendicitis differential diagnosis

Answer 10

crohn’s dz, perforated duodenal ulcer, gallbladder attacks, R kidney infection, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst