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Block 10 Week 4 > Verma: Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

Verma: Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Serious concern of hepatitis resulting from infections with (blank) infecting the liver.

A

viruses

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2
Q

Most common liver infection in the US

A

viral hepatitis

**can be A, B, C, D, or E

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3
Q

These strains of viral hepatitis cause fecal-borne hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A & E

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4
Q

These strains of viral hepatitis cause blood-borne hepatitis

A

Hepatitis B, C, & D

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5
Q

What differentiates acute vs chronic hepatitis?

A

acute: less than 6 months - causes short-term infection
chronic: lasts for more than 6 months

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6
Q

Which forms of hepatitis virus cause chronic or life-long infections?

A

Hep B, C & D

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7
Q

What test would you order if you suspect infection with Hep A or E, the fecal borne viral strains?

A

IgM for HAV and HEV

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8
Q

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

A

feco-oral route - hygiene is poor, common in childhood
close personal contact - household, child day-care centers
contaminated food/water - infected food handlers, international travelers, immigrants
blood exposure (rare)

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9
Q

What types of laboratory tests can help diagnose HAV infection

A

HAV in stool
elevated ALT
IgM to HAV

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10
Q

Hep A infection accounts for 44% of all cases of (blank)

A

acute viral hepatitis

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11
Q

Who is at risk of developing hep A infection?

A

Persons living in crowded areas
Children/people who work in day-care
Homosexual men
Residents and travelers in underdeveloped countries

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12
Q

What should be given to individuals exposed to Hep A?

What should be given to individuals at risk?

A 
HAV immune globin is recommended for post-exposure
HAV vaccine (inactivated) for individuals at risk
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13
Q

Are there specific treatments/vaccines for Hep E? What should be done to avoid its transmission?

A

No specific treatment or Vaccine for HEV.

Improved sanitary conditions lowers transmission.

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14
Q

What lab values can you look at to diagnose Hep E infection?

A

virus in stool
elevated ALT
Increased IgM anti-HEV
IgG anti-HEV will be elevated shortly after

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15
Q

Who is at risk for getting a Hep E infection?

A

people who have traveled to developing countries,

persons living in developing nations, refugee camps, overcrowded housing

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16
Q

A 56-year-old Southeast Asian immigrant is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Considering the epidemiology of this infection in endemic countries, what is the most likely way that this man became infected?

A

perinatally

17
Q

A 23-year-old woman presented with an insidious onset of fever, fatigue, joint pain, nausea, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Physical exam revealed hepatomegaly. Serologic tests indicated acute infection with hepatitis B virus. Considering the epidemiology of this disease in the United States, what would the history of the above patient most likely include?

A

unprotected sex with multiple partners

18
Q

What are the parameters used in characterizing HBV infection?

A

HBV antigens & host antibodies

HBV DNA

19
Q

What are the antigens on Hep B virus?

A

surface antigen - HBsAg
core antigen - HBcAg
Hbe Ag

20
Q

What does it mean if a patient is HBs Ag positive?

A

the patient has overt HBV infection, but not necessarily liver disease

21
Q

What will the following values be like (+ or -) if an individual has an acute Hep B infection?

HBs Ag
anti IgM HBc
Anti HBc
Anti HBs

A

+
+
+
-

22
Q

What will the following values be like (+ or -) if an individual has a chronic Hep B infection?

HBs Ag
anti IgM HBc
Anti HBc
Anti HBs

A

+
-

23
Q

What will the following values be like (+ or -) if an individual is immune to Hep B infection due to vaccination?

HBs Ag
anti IgM HBc
Anti HBc
Anti HBs

A

-
+

24
Q

What will the following values be like (+ or -) if an individual is immune to Hep B infection due to natural infection?

HBs Ag
anti IgM HBc
Anti HBc
Anti HBs

A

+
+

25
Q

When is Hep A vaccine recommended?

A

for sexually active men who have sex with men!

26
Q

Are men who have sex with men at a greater risk for Hep C infection?

A

NO!

27
Q

T/F: An HBsAg positive test result is a reportable condition in most states.

A

True!

28
Q

RNA virus
9.4 kb
55 nm diameter
One serotype

A

Hep C virus

29
Q

What can happen after initial exposure with the Hep C virus?

A

the infection can resolve or become chronic
if chronic, 20% of these cases progress to liver cirrhosis
can then progress to end-stage liver disease or hepatic cell carcinoma leading to need for transplant or death

**20yr progression rate is accelerated with HIV, Hep B infection, & alcohol

30
Q

What do the following values mean in regards to Hep C infection?

Anti HCV +
HVC RNA +

A

acute or chronic HCV

31
Q

What do the following values mean in regards to Hep C infection?

Anti HCV +
HVC RNA -

A

resolved HCV infection

32
Q

What do the following values mean in regards to Hep C infection?

Anti HCV -
HVC RNA +

A

early acute HCV or chronic HCV & immunosuppressed host

33
Q

How do ALT levels differ in patients with acute vs chronic hepatitis C?

A

acute: ALT levels are usu at least 7x the upper limit of normal
chronic: ALT levels are elevated, but usu lower than pts with recently acquired infection

34
Q

Defined as the period of time during which HCV is present in the blood but antiviral antibodies are not detectable

A

window period

Block 10 Week 4 (8 decks)

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