Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 10 Week 4 > Hudig: Muscosal Immunity > Flashcards

Hudig: Muscosal Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the GALT?

A

tonsils
stomach
small intestine
colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to food in the small intestine?

A

it is absorbed & carried via hepatic portal vein to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the endocrine cells located in the crypts?

A

paneth cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the cells that secrete mucus into the lumen?

A

goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are food molecules recognized as foreign antigens?

A

no, rarely!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Enterocytes secrete (blank)

A

β-defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The paneth cells secrete (blank)

A

alpha-defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mucins and (blank) bind each other, which keeps the defensins in place and concentrated so they can kill bacteria.

A

defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

These two components are essential to innate immunity

A

mucins & defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These cells allow antigens to cross from the gut into the system

A

M cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do dendritic cells do?

A

secrete different cytokines to determine how the T cells differentiate –> TH2, TH1, Tregs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mucosal B sells secrete these two antibodies

A

IgM & IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much IgA is secreted per day?

A

3-4 grams!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are M cells located? What do they do?

A

above the peyer’s patches - they carry in antigens, whole proteins & bacteria, which can then bind to dendritic cells & go on to activate T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

M cells are highly specialized for (blank)

A

antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which MHC do DC cells use for antigen presentation? What regulatory cells respond?

A

MHC II; all CD4 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do T-regs produce to shut down all T & B cell responses to antigen? What is their purpose in the gut?

A

IL-10 & TGF-beta; to shut down immune responses before they even begin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does it take to get an induced T reg?

A

a dendritic cell on the other end of the M cell that is getting a lot of TGF-beta as a signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is lymphocyte homing?

A

Lymphocytes recognize addressins, like MADCAM1, and adhesion molecules that are selectively expressed in the GI. These addressins & adhesion molecules are recognized by integrins on the lymphocytes in the mucosa.
Chemokines are also involved as attractors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is one example of a mucosa specific chemokine?

A

CCL25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are examples of addressins in the gut?

A

E-cadherin

MADCAM1

22
Q

Lymphocytes have receptors that can recognize the (blank) in the gut

A

chemokines

23
Q

Different cells are present in different parts of the villi. For example, (blank) cells are located in the epithelium only because there are E-cadherins there. There are lots of different cells in the lamina propria. Give some examples.

A

CD8 T cells (waiting in the epithelium to destroy cells that become virally infected)
plasma cells & macrophages, etc

24
Q

(blank) are CTLs ready to kill, to eliminate viruses

A

memory CD8 intraepithelial lymphocytes

25
Q

Which cytokine from DCs induces lymphocytes to become T regs?

A

TGF-beta

26
Q

The only antibodies transported into the gut…

A

IgM & IgA

27
Q

What do TH17 cells do?!

A

they secrete IL-17, which ultimately brings in neutrophils
they act on fibroblasts, which secrete chemokines that bring in neutrophils!!!

**fibroblasts are good guys in the gut

28
Q

What is the problem in celiac disease?

A

damaged villi in the small intestine

29
Q

What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

A 
chronic diarrhea
weight loss
abdominal pain & distention
malabsorption of iron & Vit B12
megaloblastic anemia
FTT
30
Q

What happens to the villi & crypts in celiac disease?

A

shortened villi (can’t absorb nutrients) & crypt hyperplasia

31
Q

What is one antibody you look for to diagose celiac disease? What is one caveat to this test?

A

IgA auto-antibodies to tissue transglutaminase 2

**must have been exposed to gluten in the last 2 wks for a positive test

32
Q

What other antibodies may be present?

A

Serum IgA antibody to de-amidated gliadin

**this is an altered wheat protein

33
Q

This is one antibody that is not unique to celiac pts, but can be present

A

Serum IgA auto-antibodies to EMA (endomysium antigens)

34
Q

What alleles can be associated with celiac disease?

A

HLA DQ2 & DQ8

35
Q

What is essential for the diagnosis of celiac disease?

A

biopsy!

**pt must have been exposed to wheat in the 2 wks prior

36
Q

Do pts with celiac disease have IgE allergy to gluten?

A

nooo - that is a different thing

37
Q

What will you see on endoscopy & biopsy in a celiac pt?

A

scalloping of the mucosal folds

loss of villous architecture, truncated villi

38
Q

How to treat celiac disease?

A

gluten-free diet (no wheat, barley or rye)

**even micrograms of gluten can trigger disease

39
Q

How many intraepithelial lymphocytes are found per 100 enterocytes in celiac disease?

A

great than 25 per 100!

40
Q

In celiac disease, CD8 IELs also have (blank) receptors, which respond to stress, as opposed to a specific antigen

A

NK

41
Q

What is one potential therapy for celiac disease?

A

mAbs to block either of 2 T cell mucosal integrins or a MALT chemokine receptor

42
Q

affects both ileum and colon

associated with defects of defensins

A

Chron’s disease

43
Q

affects only colon

associated with defects of mucus

A

ulcerative colitis

44
Q

Crohn’s disease may have lower (blank) recruitment

than warranted for protection….

A

neutrophil

45
Q

Clinically, (blank) tends to present more frequently with abdominal pain and perianal disease, whereas (blank) is more often characterized by gastrointestinal bleeding

A

Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis

46
Q

Cobblestoning mucosa and aphthous or linear ulcers characterize the endoscopic appearance of this disease

A

Crohn’s disease

47
Q

So compare & contast Crohn’s & ulcerative colitis

A

Crohn’s: throughout GI, lack of defensins, cobblestoning

ulcerative colitis: colon, lack of mucous

48
Q

(blank) can induce remission in Crohn’s disease

A

rifaximin

**antibiotic - this suggests that there is a bacterial factor to this disease

49
Q

Limited to colon
Damage extends only to mucosa and submucosa, no deeper
Implication of low mucus
But normal Paneth cell defensins

A

ulcerative colitis

50
Q

3 immune imbalances that can contribute to Crohn’s disease?

A
  1. low antimicrobial peptides (defensins)
  2. more live bacterial antigen
  3. more TH1 & T17 cells OR fewer T-regs to dampen response

Block 10 Week 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions