Verbals Flashcards
Learn
Infinitive
He learned not to disturb the animals
To describe skill ability with how
“Infinitive
John knows how to make beautiful kites”
Warn
Object + Infinitive
He warned us not to go into the house
Wish
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
“I would like to have a cup of water
I would like you to play with me”
anticipate
Gerund
We antecipated our going to Paris
Deserve
Infinitive
I deserve to win
continue
Infinitive or Gerund
“Little Diference
She continued talking.
She continued to talk.”
Remind
Object + Infinitive
She reminded us to bring the food
Hear
Verb Words or Gerund
The speaker could hear the audience whisper/whispering
stop
Infinitive or Gerund
“Different Meaning
He stopped smoking for health reasons.
““Stop”” is normally used with a gerund.
He stopped to rest for a few minutes.
When ““stop”” is used with an infinitive, the infinitive takes on the meaning of ““in order to.”” In the sentence above, he stopped in order to rest for a few minutes.”
To show purpose or reason
“Infinitive
He works overtime to earn extra money”
Force
Object + Infinitive
They forced me to say everything
Instruct
Object + Infinitive
She instructed me to play in this way
tolerate
Gerund
They tolerate the kid’s playing in the kitchen
As an object of preposition
“Gerund
The family is interested in fishing”
Help
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
“He will helping us to reach the top
She helped to lift the box”
Afford
Infinitive
The school cant afford to hire more staff
prefer
Infinitive or Gerund
“Similar
He prefers eating at 7 PM.
He prefers to eat at 7 PM.”
Refuse
Infinitive
He may refuse to make a speech
Find
Gerund
We found Peter looking for us
mind
Gerund
She said that she didn’t mind waiting until we got back
Imagine
Gerund
Can you imagine living abroad
keep on
Gerund
You should keep on playing hard
Report
Gerund
The witness reported a man sitting on a bench
finish
Gerund
They finish painting the house
risk
Gerund
He risked betting everything
After expression with enough
“Infinitive
She was not strong enough to lift the box”
spend money
Gerund
That collector spends his money buying old comic books
After informational words (what, which, where, how, etc.) - may be used instead of noun clause
“Infinitive
I dont know which road i should take -> I dont know which road to take”
Permit
Object + Infinitive
He permitted us to buid fire in the florest
no use
Gerund
There’s no use worrying, she’ll probably call you soon.
have difficulty, have a problem, have a good time, have trouble, have a hard time
Gerund
Some of the students seem to have a hard time memorizing the vocab
Require
Object + Infinitive
They required us to use cloth
Ask
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
“He asked us to help him
He asked to work hard”
miss
Gerund
I miss our going to new zealand
Arrange
Infinitive
He arraged everything to travel on weekend
Beg
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
“He begged his mother to allow him to stay
He begged to stay”
Expect
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
“He is expecting us to finish th job
He is expecting to finish the job early”
resist
Gerund
The resist not leaving the farm
Offer
Infinitive
Julis offered to drive us
suggest
Gerund
The officer suggested their not walking alone in the dark
spend time
Gerund
Claude spends his free time reading history books
Cut out
Gerund
He cut out working 12 hours a day
advise
Infinitive or Gerund
“No difference
The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk
The doctor generally advised us to drink low-fat milk”
Make
Verb Words
The boss made the employee do
understand
Gerund
I understand your coming late
recommend
Gerund
She recommends everyone’s researving seat for the concert
Consent
Infinitive
She consent to play socce in the kitchen
Feel like
Gerund
We felt like talking with my mom
delay
Gerund
We delayed reporting the results until we were sure
avoid
Gerund
I try to avoid discussing this subject
Forbid
Object + Infinitive
The law forbids us to do that
Volunteer
Infinitive
She has volunteered to supply the drinks for picnic
make money
Gerund
Steve makes extra money waiting on tables in the evening
Observe
Verb Words or Gerund
Janet spent hours observing the children play/playing by
Let
Verb Words
She let her kid go
Catch
Gerund
The police caught the man stealing
Say
Infinitive
They said to go straight
need
Infinitive or Gerund
“Different Meaning
The house needs cleaning.
When ““need”” is used with a gerund, it takes on a passive meaning. The sentence above means ““the house needs to be cleaned.””
He needs to call his boss.
He needs him to call his boss.
““Need”” is usually used with an infinitive or an object + an infinitive.”
Manage
Infinitive
We’ll manage to go early
postpone
Gerund
We postponed our returning to Brazil
Cause
Object + Infinitive
He caused me to suffer
Urge
Object + Infinitive
He urge the crowd to fight for him
Order
Object + Infinitive
The boss ordered us to work faster
Complete
Gerund
He completed renovating the house
Feel
Verb Words or Gerund
As they sat on the deck, they felt the wind blow/blowing on their faces
remember
Infinitive or Gerund
“Different Meaning
I remember mentioning the meeting yesterday.
When ““remember”” is used with a gerund, it means ““to remember that you have done something.”” The sentence above means that I mentioned the meeting, and that I remember the fact that I did that.
He remembered to turn off the lights before he left.
When ““remember”” is used with an infinitive, it means ““to remember that you need to do something.”” The sentence above means that he remembered that he needed to turn the lights off.”
enjoy
Gerund
I enjoy swimming
Notice
Verb Words or Gerund
We didnt notice the time pass/passing
forget
Infinitive or Gerund
“With Different Meaning
She forgot reading the book when she was a kid.
When ““forget”” is used with a gerund, it means ““to forget that you have done something.”” The sentence above means that she read the book when she was a kid, and that she has forgotten that fact.
She forgot to pay the rent this month.
When forget is used with an infinitive, it means ““to forget that you need to do something.”” The sentence above means that she forgot that she needed to pay the rent.”
Threaten
Infinitive
He threaten to kill everyone
Wish
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
resent
Gerund
I resent not visiting Japan
Pretend
Infinitive
He pretend to be the boss
like
Infinitive or Gerund
“Little Diference
Samantha likes reading.
Samantha likes to wash the dishes just after lunch”
practice
Gerund
I practice speaking english
consider
Gerund
She is considering instlling new cameras
Request
Object + Infinitive
She requested him to work hard
Dare
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
She dared to challange me
Persuade
Object + Infinitive
He persuaded her to play the plot
Plan
Infinitive
I plan to go on weekend
Watch
Verb Words or Gerund
It’s interesting to watch construction workers build/building a foundation
After expression with too
“Infinitive
She may be too tired to go”
Invite
Object + Infinitive
She invited us to go to the party
Challange
Object + Infinitive
He challanged me to play against him
Tell
Object + Infinitive
She told them to listen
Allow
Object + Infinitive
She allow us to enter the stadium
begin
Infinitive or Gerund "Little difference She began singing. She began to sing. When ""begin"" is used in non-continuous tenses, you can either use a gerund or an infinitive.
She is beginning to sing.
When ““begin”” is used in continuous tenses, an infinitive is used.”
look foward to
Gerund
We are looking forward to hearing from you soon
appreciate
Gerund
I appreciate your doing my part of the job
Want
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
“He want me to be part of his team
He want to play soccer”
love
Infinitive or Gerund
“Similar
We love scuba diving.
We love to scuba dive.”
Teach
Object + Infinitive
He taught her to drive
dislike
Infinitive or Gerund
“Little Difference
She dislikes working after 5 PM.
She dislike to work after 5 PM.”
Decide
Infinitive
They decided not to go
Demand
Infinitive
They demanded not to stay
Care
Infinitive
She said she didnt care to see the recital
discuss
Gerund
We discussed working at the company
Agree
Infinitive
She agrees to take the exam
Promise
Verbs + Infinitive
or
Verbs + Object + Infinitive
“He promised me to come
He promised to come”
To complete the meaning of a verb
“Infinitive
The child started to cry
Gerund
Just keep walking”
In sentences with “it” as subject
“Infinitive
It’s a good idea to review the material”
deny
Gerund
He denied committing the crime
Hope
Infinitive
I hope to get there on time
mention
Gerund
He mentioned working in that company
Mean
Infinitive
He meant to be the president of the USA
To complete the meaning of na adjective
“Infinitive
Brenda was careful not to upset her parents”
hate
Infinitive or Gerund
“Similar
He hates cleaning dishes.
He hates to clean dishes.”
propose
Infinitive or Gerund
“Similar
Drew proposed paying for the trip.
Drew proposed to pay for the trip”
cant help
Gerund
The movie was so sad that they couldn’t help crying.
Cant stand, cant bear
Gerund
I couldn’t stand listening to the loud music last night.
Had better / would better
Verb Words
You had better not visit me anymore
take turns
Gerund
In the debate, each team must take turns presenting arguments
regret
Gerund
I regret not going woth you
recall
Gerund
I recall going to this museum
Encourage
Object + Infinitive
She encouraged me to go
hesitate
Infinitive or Gerund
“Similar
She hesitated to tell me the problem.
She hesitate telling me the problem”
be used to
Gerund
“Saint Francis had been used to living simply
He was not used to getting up early”
Start
Infinitive or Gerund
“Different Meaning
Marge started talking really fast.
Marge started to talk really fast.
When ““start”” is used in non-continuous tenses, you can either use a gerund or an infinitive.
Marge is starting to talk really fast.
When ““start”” is used in continuous tenses, an infinitive is used.
I started to learn Russian, but it was so much work that I finally quit the class.
In other situations, an infinitive means that you did not complete or continue an action.”
quit
Gerund
Why dont you quit smoking
Know how
Infinitive
He knows how to play
Fail
Infinitive
He always fails to fulfill his promises
never mind
Gerund
Never mind cooking. We’ll go out to eat
Command
Object + Infinitive
He command the team to play hard
Convince
Object + Infinitive
She convinced me to come
See
Verb Words or Gerund
When they were at seeshore, they saw artists paint/painting
intend
Infinitive or Gerund
“Similar
We intend to visit you next spring.
We intend visiting you”
Hire
Object + Infinitive
She hired me to cook
admit
Gerund
I admit doing that
try
Infinitive or Gerund
“Different Meaning
She can’t find a job. She tried looking in the paper, but there was nothing. She tried asking friends and family, but nobody knew of anything. She also tried going shop to shop, but nobody was hiring.
““Try + gerund”” means to try or to experiment with different methods to see if something works.
She tried eating the snake soup, but she didn’t like it.
““Try + gerund”” is often used when you experiment with something, but you do not really like it or want to do it again.
She tried to climb the tree, but she couldn’t even get off the ground.
When you ““try to do”” something, you want to do it, but you do not succeed in actually doing it. In the sentence above, an infinitive is used because she cannot successfully climb the tree.
Try not to wake the baby when you get up tomorrow at 5 AM.
An infinitive is also used if you are asking someone to try something they may or may not be able to accomplish.”
As a subject or as na object
"Infinitive To tease animals is cruel Bob's job is to lock the door Gerund (preferable as subject instead of infinitive) Fishing is a pleasant activity My husband enjoys fishing"
