Verbal Messages Flashcards
As you communicate you use two major signal systems
verbal and nonverbal
verbal messages are those sent with words (orally and written)
Both verbal and nonverbal signals occur simultaneously. Usually, verbal and nonverbal behaviours that ____ or ____ each other.
reinforce or support each
Your entire being works as a whole verbally and nonverbally-to express your ____ and ____.
thoughts and feelings.
verbal and nonverbal signals seems also to help you ____ and ____
think and remember
Example of packed message:
nonverbal signs, photos and chanted slogans combined to communicate a message.
the person who says, “I’m so glad to see you,” but avoids direct eye contact and looks around to see who else is present is sending ____ messages.
contradictory
An awareness of the packaged nature of communication thus suggests
a warning against the too-easy interpretation of another’s meaning
Before you identify or guess the meaning of any bit of behavior, look at
the entire package or cluster of which it is a part, the way in which the cluster is a response to its context, and the role of the specific nonverbal behavior within that cluster.
Meaning depends not only on the packaging of messages but also on the interaction of these messages and the receiver’s own ___ and ___.
thoughts, feelings
You construct meaning out of the messages you receive combined with your own
social and cultural perspectives, for example your own beliefs, attitudes, and values
Do words or messages mean the same thing to two different people
Because meanings are in people -and each person is unique and different from every other person no word or message will mean the same thing to two different people.
denotative meaning is
a rather objective description of an event.
The connotation of a message is its
subjective or emotional meaning.
consider a simple nod of the head in answer to the question, “Do you agree?” This gesture is largely denotative and simply says yes. But what about a wink, a smile, or an overly rapid speech rate? These nonverbal expressions are more ____
connotative: they express your feelings rather than objective information.
The denotative meaning of a message is universal
most people would agree with the denotative meanings and would give similar definitions.
The connotative meaning of a message is
extremely personal and few people would agree on the precise connotative meaning of a word or nonverbal behavior.
Understanding the distinction between denotation and connotation should encourage you to
clarify connotative meanings (or ask for clarification) when you anticipate potential misunderstandings; misunderstandings are almost always centered on connotative differences
Messages vary greatly in abstraction, the degree to which they are ___ or ____.
General or specific
can talk about your talk, write about your writing, and this is
metacommunication.
Can you can also use nonverbal messages to metacommunicate.
Yes, example. You can wink at someone to indicate that you’re only kidding or roll your eyes after saying
“Yeah, that was great,” with your eye movement contradicting the literal meaning of the verbal message.
One of the best ways to look at politeness (consideration, respect, etc.) in interpersonal communication is in terms of both
_____ and _____ politeness.
Positive and negative
Both of positive and negative forms of politeness are responsive to two needs that each person has:
(1) the need to be viewed positively by others, to be thought of favorably (that is, to maintain positive face), and
(2) the need to be autonomous, to have the right to do as we wish (that is, to maintain negative face).
What influences your degree of politeness and how you express politeness
Culture, our personality, professional training and context of communication
Politeness and Directness Messages that support or altack face needs (the latter are called face-threatening acts, often abbreviated to FTAs) are often discussed in terms of direct and indirect language
What is the difference between direct and indirect communication in terms of politeness
Directness is usually less polite and may infringe on a person’s need to maintain negative face.
Indirectness allows the person to maintain autonomy (negative face) and provides an acceptable way for the person to refuse your request.