Verb conjugations, mixed bag

Question 1

Past short form of　買う

Answer 1

買った

Question 2

Passive form of　買う

Answer 2

買われる

Question 3

Past negative short form of　買う

Answer 3

買わなかった

Question 4

Passive past ます form of 買う

Answer 4

買われました

Question 5

Transitive: 落とす
To drop
“I dropped the ball”

Answer 5

Intransitive: 落ちる
To fall
“The ball fell down”

Question 6

Transitive: 入れる　入れます　いれる
To insert; to put in to take in

Answer 6

Intransitive: 入る　入れます　はいる
To enter; to go in; to join (eg a a club)

Question 7

Passive ます form of 読む

Answer 7

読まれます

Question 8

When does one use Causative form and how?

Answer 8

〜させる
Adds “causative” or “permission” to a verb.
Someone either forced or allowed an action to take place. Someone has influence over an action someone else carries out.

Note the grammatical set-up in the sentence using は　に　を.

eg.
お母さんはお父さんに虫を食べさせる。
Can mean
-> “Mom force dad to eat bugs.”
or -> “Mom allow dad to eat bugs.”

Shortened causative
食べる -> 食べさす
行く → 行か(ない) → 行かす

Question 9

会う in Causative

Answer 9

会わせる

Question 10

立つ in Causative

Answer 10

立たせる

Question 11

書くin Causative

Answer 11

書かせる

Question 12

学ぶ in Causative

Answer 12

学ばせる

Question 13

買う in Causative

Answer 13

買わせす

Question 14

When does one use Passive form and how?

Answer 14

〜られる
An verb/action is done to someone. Takes the emphasis off of the person doing the action and instead focuses on the victim of the action.

eg.
サーフボードはサメに食べられた
-> “The surfboard was eaten by a shark.”
NOT -> “The shark ate the surfboard.”

Question 15

会う in Passive

Answer 15

会われる

Meet; Met; “stumble upon”

Question 16

立つ in Passive

Answer 16

立たれる

“Placed upon”; put

Question 17

書く in Passive

Answer 17

書かれる

Written

Question 18

学ぶ in Passive

Answer 18

学ばれる

was learnt

Question 19

食べる in Passive

Answer 19

食べられる

was eaten

Question 20

起きる in Passive

Answer 20

起きられる

Was risen

Question 21

閉じる in Passive

Answer 21

閉じられる
とじられる

to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
“shutted” lol

Question 22

When does one use Causative-Passive form and how?

Answer 22

A type of coercion or compulsion. The conjugation basically indicates “[someone] is made to do [something]”, and the action of making that someone do something was, in fact, done to that someone. It can in some instances be translated as “made to [do]” or “forced to [do]”.

eg.
朝ご飯は食べたくなかったのに、食べさせられた。
-> “Despite not wanting to eat breakfast, I was made / forced/ coerced to eat it.”

親に毎日宿題をさせられる。
-> “I am made/ forced to do homework everyday by my parent(s).”
* Note the に particle.

Shortened version (only some)
行く → 行か → 行かす → 行かされる
立つ → 立た → 立たす → 立たされる
eg.
あいつに二時間も待たされた。
-> “I was made to wait 2 hours by that guy.”

Question 23

飲む

Answer 23

飲まされる

Question 24

待つ

Answer 24

待たされる

Question 25

する

Answer 25

させられる

Question 26

行く

Answer 26

行かされる

Question 27

立つ

Answer 27

立たされる

Question 28

座る

Answer 28

座らせられる

Question 29

けいご、丁寧語（ていねいご）
ある/いる

Answer 29

ございます

Question 30

To give (to someone)

Answer 30

あげる

Question 31

To give (towards myself)

Answer 31

くれる

Question 32

To receive

Answer 32

もらう

Question 33

To borrow

Answer 33

借りる
かりる

Question 34

To lend

Answer 34

貸す
かす

Question 35

Could you lend me a pen?
(To a friend)

Answer 35

ペンを貸してくれない？

Question 36

Would it be okay to borrow a pen?
(To a friend)

Answer 36

ペンを借りてもいい？