Verb Conjugation Practice Flashcards
Yo (i)
(Present tense)
(-ar)
o
hablo - I speak
Tú (you)
(present tense)
(-ar)
as
hablas- you speak
Él, ella, usted (he, she, you (formal))
(Present tense)
(-ar)
a
Habla - (He/She) speaks
Nosotros (we)
(present tense)
(-ar)
amos
Hablamos - we speak
Vosotros (you all)
(Present tense)
(-ar)
áis
Habláis - you all speak
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Present tense)
(-ar)
an
Hablan - they speak
Yo (i)
(present tense)
(-er)
o
como- I eat
Tú (you)
(Present tense)
(-er)
es
Comes - you eat
Él, ella, usted (he, she, you (formal))
(Present tense)
(-er)
e
come - (he/she) eats
Nosotros (we)
(Present tense)
(-er)
emos
comemos - we eat
Vosotros (you all)
(Present tense)
(-er)
éis
Coméis- you all eat
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Present tense)
(-er)
en
Comen - they eat
Yo (I)
(Present tense)
(-ir)
o
Vivo- I live
Tú (you)
(Present tense)
(-ir)
es
Vives- you live
Él, ella, usted (he, she, you (formal))
(Present tense)
(-ir)
e
vive - (he/she) lives
Nosotros (we)
(Present tense)
(ir)
imos
Vivimos- we live
Vosotros (you all)
(Present tense)
(-ir)
ís
Vivís - you all live
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Present tense)
(-ir)
en
Viven - they live
The preterite tense is used to refer to a single event that happened at a specific point of time or had a specific duration in the past .
I jumped
I lived
You jumped
You lived
Yo (i)
(Preterite tense)
(-ar)
é
Hablé - I spoke
Tú (you)
(Preterite)
(-ar)
aste
hablaste - you spoke
Él, ella (he, she, it)
(Preterite)
(-ar)
ó
Habló - (he/she) spoke
Nosotros (we)
(Preterite)
(-ar)
amos
Hablamos - we spoke
Vosotros (you all)
(Preterite)
(-ar)
asteis
Hablasteis - You all spoke
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Preterite)
(-ar)
aron
Hablaron - they spoke
Er and Ir verbs have the same ending in the preterite form .
True
Yo (I)
(Preterite)
(-er / -ir)
í
Viví - I lived
Tú (you)
(Preterite)
(-er / -ir)
iste
Viviste - you lived
Él, ella (he/she)
(Preterite)
(-er, -ir)
ió
Vivió - (he/she) lived
Vosotros (you all)
(Preterite)
(-er / ir)
isteis
Vivisteis - you all lived
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Preterite)
(-er / ir)
ieron
Vivieron - they lived
The imperfect tense is used to describe habitual or repeated actions in the past.
I jumped / was jumping
I ate / was eating
The er and ir verb conjugations are the same in the imperfect tense .
True
Yo (i)
(Imperfect)
(-ar)
aba
Necesitaba - I needed / was needing
Tú (you)
(Imperfect)
(-ar)
abas
Necesitabas - you needed / was needing
Él, ella (he/she/it)
(Imperfect)
(-ar)
aba
Necesitaba - (he/she) needed / was needing
Nosotros (we)
(Imperfect)
(-ar)
ábamos
Necesitábamos - we needed / was needing
Vosotros (you all)
(Imperfect)
(-ar)
abais
Necesitabais - You all needed / were needing
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Imperfect)
(-ar)
aban
Necesitaban - they needed / were needing
Yo (i)
(Imperfect)
(-er / -ir)
Ía
Vivía - I lived / was living
Tú (you)
(Imperfect)
(-er / -ir)
ías
Vivías - you lived / were living
Él, ella (he/she)
(Imperfect)
(-er / -ir)
ía
Vivía - (he/she) lived / was living
Nosotros (we)
(Imperfect)
(-er / -ir)
íamos
Vivíamos - we lived / were living
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Imperfect)
(-er / -ir)
ían
Vivían - they lived / were living
All three types of verbs (-ar, -er and -ir) in the future tense utilize the same endings . All you have to do is add on to the infinitive to conjugate the word correctly.
True
Yo (i)
(Future)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
é
Dormiré - I will sleep
Compraré - I will buy
Venderé - I will sell
Tú (you)
(Future)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
ás
Dormirás - you will sleep
Comprarás - you will buy
Venderás - you will sell
Él, ella (he/she)
(Future)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
á
Dormirá - (he/she) will sleep
Comprará - (he/she) will buy
Venderá - (he/she) will sell
Nosotros (we)
(Future)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
emos
Dormiremos - we will sleep
Compraremos - we will buy
Venderemos - we will sell
Vosotros (you all)
(Future)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
éis
Dormiréis- you all will sleep
Compraréis - you all will buy
Venderéis - you all will sell
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Future)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
án
Dormirán - they will sleep
Comprarán - they will buy
Venderán - they will sell
All three verb forms (-ar, -er, and -ir) use the same endings. The endings are added on to the infinitive.
✔️
The conditional has several uses. To begin, whenever we use the word “would” in English- for example, “She would love to go to the party” - , it’s a sign to employ the conditional tense in Spanish.
Secondly, the conditional is also used to describe an action that depends on a condition. For example:
Si tuviera más dinero, iría de compras. (If I had more money, I would go shopping.)
Another important use of the conditional is to make polite requests or desires known. For example, saying “I want to leave” is a bit harsher than saying “I would like to leave.”
Me gustaría hablar con el jefe. (I would like to speak to the boss)
By using the conditional “would like” instead of the regular “want”, you are more politely requesting to speak to the boss.)
The conditional is also used to express speculation about the past.
Después de conducir todo el día, estarían cansados. (After driving all day, they must have been tired.)
¿Por qué no fue? Estaría en el trabajo. (Why didn’t she go? She was probably at work.)
Yo (i)
(Conditional)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
ía
Hablaría - I would speak
Comería - I would eat
Dormiría - I would sleep
Tú (you)
(Conditional)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
ías
Hablarías - you would speak
Comerías - you would eat
Dormirías - you would sleep
Él, ella (he/she)
(Conditional)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
ía
Hablaría - (he/she) would speak
Comería - (he/she) would eat
Dormiría - (he/she) would sleep
Nosotros (we)
(Conditional)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
íamos
Hablaríamos - we would speak
Comeríamos - we would eat
Dormiríamos - we would sleep
Vosotros (you all)
(Imperfect)
(-er / -ir)
íais
Vivíais- You all lived / were living
Vosotros (you all)
(Conditional)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
íais
Hablaríais- you all would speak
Comeríais - you all would eat
Dormiríais - you all would sleep
Ellos, ellas (they)
(Conditional)
(-ar, -er, -ir)
ían
Hablarían - they would speak
Comerían - they would eat
Dormirían - they would sleep
The present progressive is formed by combining the verb “to be” with the present participle. (The present participle is merely the “-ing” form of a verb.)
I am studying.
I am studying with María.
In English, present progressive can be used to describe what is happening now, or what will happen in the future.
I am studying now.
I am studying with María tonight.
In Spanish, the present progressive is only used to describe an action that is in the process of taking place. It is not used for future actions.
I am studying now.
(use present progressive)
I am studying with María tonight.
(do not use present progressive)
To form the present progressive in Spanish, combine a form of “estar” with the present participle.
Estoy hablando.
I am speaking.
Juan está comiendo.
John is eating.
María está escribiendo una carta.
Mary is writing a letter.
To form the present participle of regular -ar verbs, add -ando to the stem of the verb.
hablar: hablando
(hablar – ar + ando)
trabajar: trabajando
(trabajar – ar + ando)
estudiar: estudiando
(estudiar – ar + ando)
To form the present participle of regular -er and -ir verbs, add -iendo to the stem of the verb.
comer: comiendo
(comer – er + iendo)
hacer: haciendo
(hacer – er + iendo)
vivir: viviendo
(vivir – ir + iendo)
escribir: escribiendo
(escribir – ir + iendo)
To form the present participle of -ir stem changing verbs, change e:i and o:u in the stem, and then add -iendo to the stem of the verb.
servir: sirviendo
pedir: pidiendo
decir: diciendo
dormir: durmiendo
morir: muriendo
poder: pudiendo
Sometimes when forming the present participle it is necessary to change the spelling of a word so that it agrees with the way it is pronounced. We call this an “orthographic” change. Here are some common examples:
caer: cayendo
creer: creyendo
huir: huyendo
ir: yendo
influir: influyendo
oír: oyendo
traer: trayendo
leer: leyendo
seguir: siguiendo
The following examples illustrate the rules for forming the present participle.
hablar: hablando (-ar)
comer: comiendo (-er)
vivir: viviendo (-ir)
decir: diciendo (e:i)
dormir: durmiendo (o:u)
leer: leyendo (orthographic)
seguir: siguiendo (orthographic)
To form the present progressive, simply conjugate the verb estar to agree with the subject of the sentence, and follow it with the present participle.
Juan está comiendo pan.
John is eating bread.
María y Carmen están hablando con nosotros.
Mary and Carmen are speaking with us.
Remember, only use the present progressive for actions that are “in progress.” Compare the uses of the present indicative with the uses of the present progressive.
It is important to remember that you would never use the present progressive to say something like “We are going to Spain this summer.” Use present progressive only for actions that are “in progress.”
Haber - to have
(to have done something)
(used for the past)
Haber (ah-bvehr) (to have) is used only with compound tenses.
It serves as a helping verb that completes an action; the action is expressed with the past participle.
With the addition of haber, a verb in the past tense becomes more past, a conditional statement can be completed, and a future action can be finished. Haber turns did into had done.
To form the past participle in the haber structure…
For -ar verbs, drop the -ar of the infinitive form and add -ado.
For -er and -ir verbs, drop the -er or -ir of the infinitive form and add -ido.
Only use past participles with the verb ..
For right now
Haber
Yo (i)
Haber
he
He hablado - I have spoken
Tú (you)
Haber
has
Has decidido - you have decided
Él, ella (he/she/you (formal))
Haber
ha
Ha terminado - (he/she/you (formal)) has finished
Nosotros (we)
Haber
hemos
Hemos comido - we have eaten
Vosotros (you all)
Haber
habéis
Habéis leído - you all have read
Ellos, ellas (they)
Haber
han
Han leído - they have read
Subjunctive Mood in Spanish
While it preserves the same basic moods of doubt etc., the Spanish subjunctive is used for a far wider variety of purposes than the English. The Spanish subjunctive expresses sentiment or wishes, doubt about a future event, or conditionality. All verbs require a specific conjugation in the Spanish subjunctive, whereas only a handful require different conjugations in English.
Yo (i)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-ar)
e
hable
Tú (you)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-ar)
es
hables
Él, ella, usted (he, she, you (formal))
(Subjunctive mood)
(-ar)
e
hable
Nosotros (we)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-ar)
emos
hablemos
Vosotros (you all)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-ar)
éis
Habléis
Ellos, ellas, (they) / ustedes (you all , formal)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-ar)
en
hablen
Yo (i)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-er / -ir)
a
coma
duerma
Tú (you)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-er / -ir)
-as
comas
duermas
Nosotros (we)
(subjunctive mood)
(-er / -ir)
amos
comamos
durmamos
Vosotros (you all)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-er / -ir)
áis
Comáis
Durmáis
Ellos, ellas, (they) / ustedes (you all , formal)
(Subjunctive mood)
(-er / -ir)
an
coman
duerman
