Verb conjugation Flashcards
Present Indicative - To speak (3 English meanings with “I”)
I speak
I do speak
I am speaking
Conjugate Hablar (regular verb -ar ending)
Hablar = to speak
Yo hablo Tú hablas él habla ella habla usted habla nosotros hablamos (vosotros) habláis ustedes hablan ellos hablan ellas hablan
Conjugate Comer (regular verb -er ending)
Comer = to eat
Yo como Tú comes él come ella come usted come nosotros comemos (vosotros) coméis ustedes comen ellos comen ellas comen
Conjugate Vivir (regular verb -ir ending)
Vivir = to live
Yo vivo Tú vives él vive ella vive usted vive nosotros vivimos (vosotros) vivís ustedes viven ellos viven ellas viven
Singular pronouns
I, you (informal), you (formal), he, she
yo, tú, usted, él, ella
Plural pronouns we, you-all (informal - Spain), you-all (formal and informal - S. America) they (masculine and feminine)
nosotros or nosotras,
vosotros or vosotras
ustedes
ellos or ellas
Conjugate estar (irregular verb)
Estar = to be (the condition/state of something)
e.g. the apple is unripe - la manzana está verde
estoy estás está estamos estáis están
Conjugate ser (irregular verb)
Ser = to be (the unchangeable essence of something) e.g. la manzana es verde (is green)
soy eres es somos sois son
Translate: I am Canadian
Soy Canadiense
Translate: I am from Canada
Soy de Canadá
Translate: I am a genetic counsellor
Soy asesor o consejero genético
Uses of ser
the hour, day, and date place of origin occupation nationality religious or political affiliation the material something is made of possession relationship of one person to another certain impersonal expressions where an event is taking place essential qualities
How do you ask: Where are you?
¿Dónde estás? (informal) or ¿Dónde está? (formal)
Translate and answer: ¿Dónde estás?
Where are you?
Estoy aquí (I am here)
Estoy en Ecuador (I am in Ecuador)
Estoy en el dormitorio (I am in the bedroom)
South America
América del Sur
Translate and answer: ¿Cómo estás tú?
¿Cómo está usted?
How are you?
Estoy muy bien, gracias.
How do you ask: How are you?
¿Cómo estás tú?
¿Cómo está usted?
I am very well, thanks.
Estoy muy bien, gracias.
Uses of estar
geographic or physical location
state or condition
many idiomatic expressions
progressive tenses (I am eating, I am drinking…)
Ser and estar (contrasting uses)
When a noun follows the verb, use ser
When an adjective follows the verb, decide between “essence” and “condition”
To tell where something is from, use ser
To tell where something is located right now, use ester
To tell where an event is taking place, use ser
Conjugate tener (irregular verb)
tener (to have)
tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen
Conjugate venir (irregular verb)
venir (to come)
vengo vienes viene venimos venís vienen
to rent
Common regular -ar verbs
alquilar – to rent
to enter (into)
Common regular -ar verbs
entrar (en) – to enter (into)
to need
Common regular -ar verbs
necesitar – to need
to love
Common regular -ar verbs
amar – to love
to send
Common regular -ar verbs
enviar – to send
to forget
Common regular -ar verbs
olvidar – to forget
to walk ( 2 different ways)
Common regular -ar verbs
andar – to walk, caminar – to walk
to listen to
Common regular -ar verbs
escuchar – to listen to
to pay for
Common regular -ar verbs
pagar – to pay for
to help
Common regular -ar verbs
ayudar – to help
to hope, to wait for
Common regular -ar verbs
esperar – to hope, to wait for
to practice
Common regular -ar verbs
practicar – to practice
to dance
Common regular -ar verbs
bailar – to dance
to study
Common regular -ar verbs
estudiar – to study
to ask
Common regular -ar verbs
preguntar – to ask
to look for
Common regular -ar verbs
buscar – to look for
to sign
Common regular -ar verbs
firmar – to sign
to prepare
Common regular -ar verbs
preparar – to prepare
to win, earn
Common regular -ar verbs
ganar – to win, earn
to return
Common regular -ar verbs
regresar – to return
to sing
Common regular -ar verbs
cantar – to sing
to spend money
Common regular -ar verbs
gastar – to spend money
to greet
Common regular -ar verbs
saludar – to greet
to cook
Common regular -ar verbs
cocinar – to cook
to speak, to talk
Common regular -ar verbs
hablar – to speak, to talk
to touch, to play an instrument
Common regular -ar verbs
tocar – to touch, to play an instrument
to buy
Common regular -ar verbs
comprar – to buy
to wash
Common regular -ar verbs
lavar – to wash
to take, to drink (-ar ending option)
Common regular -ar verbs
tomar – to take, to drink
to answer
Common regular -ar verbs
contestar – to answer
to arrive
Common regular -ar verbs
llegar – to arrive
to work
Common regular -ar verbs
trabajar – to work
to allow, to leave
Common regular -ar verbs
dejar – to allow, to leave
to wear, to carry
Common regular -ar verbs
llevar – to wear, to carry
to travel
Common regular -ar verbs
viajar – to travel
to desire
Common regular -ar verbs
desear – to desire
to order
Common regular -ar verbs
mandar – to order
to visit
Common regular -ar verbs
visitar – to visit
to teach
Common regular -ar verbs
enseñar – to teach
to watch, to look at
Common regular -ar verbs
mirar – to watch, to look at
to learn
Common regular -er verbs
aprender – to learn
to believe
Common regular -er verbs
creer – to believe
to possess or to own
Common regular -er verbs
poseer – to possess, to own
to drink (-er ending option)
Common regular -er verbs
beber – to drink
to have to or to owe
Common regular -er verbs
deber – to have to, to owe
to promise
Common regular -er verbs
prometer – to promise
to eat
Common regular -er verbs
comer – to eat
to hide
Common regular -er verbs
esconder – to hide
to break
Common regular -er verbs
romper – to break
to understand
Common regular -er verbs
comprender – to understand
to read
Common regular -er verbs
leer – to read
to fear
Common regular -er verbs
temer – to fear
to run
Common regular -er verbs
correr – to run
to put into
Common regular -er verbs
meter en – to put into
to sell
Common regular -er verbs
vender – to sell
to open
Common regular -ir verbs
abrir – to open
to discover
Common regular -ir verbs
descubrir – to discover
to permit
Common regular -ir verbs
permitir – to permit
to admit
Common regular -ir verbs
admitir – to admit
to discuss
Common regular -ir verbs
discutir – to discuss
to receive
Common regular -ir verbs
recibir – to receive
to attend
Common regular -ir verbs
asistir a – to attend
to write
Common regular -ir verbs
escribir – to write
to climb or to go up
Common regular -ir verbs
subir – to climb, to go up
to cover
Common regular -ir verbs
cubrir – to cover
to exist
Common regular -ir verbs
existir – to exist
to suffer
Common regular -ir verbs
sufrir – to suffer
to decide
Common regular -ir verbs
decidir – to decide
to omit
Common regular -ir verbs
omitir – to omit
to unite
Common regular -ir verbs
unir – to unite
to describe
Common regular -ir verbs
describir – to describe
to divide
Common regular -ir verbs
partir – to divide
to live
Common regular -ir verbs
vivir – to live
Conjugate “Ir”
Ir = to go Yo voy tú vas ella / él / usted va nosotros vamos vosotros vais ellas, ellos, ustedes van
Conjugate “ver”
Ver = to see Yo veo Tú ves ella, él, usted ve nosotros vemos vosotros veis ellas, ellos, ustedes ven
Conjugate “dormir”
Dormir = to sleep Yo duermo tú dermes ella, él, usted duerme nosotros dormimos vosotros dormís ellas, ellos, ustedes duermen
Conjugate “hacer”
Hacer = to do or to make (to cook) Yo hago tú haces ella, él, usted hace nosotros hacemos vosotros hacéis ellas, ellos, ustedes hacen
e. g. ella hace la cena (she makes dinner)
e. g. tú haces buen trabajo (you do good work)
Conjugate “querer”
Querer = to want yo quiero tú quieres ella, él, usted quiere nosotros queremos vosotros queréis ellas, ellos, ustedes quieren
To swim
Nadar (regular -ar verb)
We recently walk to the beach (use present tense for now)
Caminamos recientemente a la playa
We generally speak on Sundays
Hablamos generalmente los domingos
Él únicamente come pasta
He only eats pasta
I am going immediately
Voy inmediatamente
Ella come principalmente azúcar.
she primarily eats sugar
Un caballo corre rápidamente
a horse runs quickly
Él está solo nuevamente.
he is alone again
Él come lentamente.
he eats slowly
Su hijo apenas habla.
your, his, her son or child hardly speaks
Conjugate “dar” (irreg verb)
Dar = to give Yo doy tú das ella / él / usted da nosotros damos vosotros dais ellas, ellos, ustedes dan
conjugate: estar, ir, dar
estar (to be); ir (to go); dar (to give) estoy - voy - doy estás - vas - das está - va - da estamos - vamos - damos estáis - vais - dais están - van - dan
How do you say “to go”, “to come”, “to return from somewhere”
Ir = to go venir = to come volver = to return (from someplace)
How do you say “I go, I come”, “you go, you come”, “he goes, he comes”, “we go, we come”, “you-all go, come”
Yo voy, vengo, vuelvo Tú vas, vienes, vuelves Él va, viene, vuelve Nosotros vamos, venimos, volvemos Usted van, vienen, vuelven
“almorzar” (stem-changing o- ue”)
to eat lunch
almuerzo almuerzas almuerza almorzamos almorzáis almuerzan
morir (stem-changing o- ue”)
to die
to die
muero mueres muere morimos morís mueren
aprobar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to approve
apruebo apruebas aprueba aprobamos aprobáis aprueban
mostrar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to show
muetro muestras muestra mostramos mostráis muestran
colgar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to hang
cuelgo cuelgas cuelga colgamos colgáis cuelgan
mover (stem-changing o- ue”)
to move (an object)
muevo mueves mueve movemos movéis mueven
contar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to count or to tell
cuento cuentas cuenta contamos contáis cuentan
probar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to prove or to test or sample or taste
pruebo pruebas prueba probamos probáis prueban
costar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to cost
cuesto cuestas cuesta costamos costáis cuestan
recordar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to remember
recuerdo recuerdas recuerda recordamos recordáis recuerdan
devolver (stem-changing o- ue”)
to return (an object)
devuelvo devuelves devuelve devolvemos devolvéis devuelven
resolver (stem-changing o- ue”)
to solve
resuelvo resuelves resuelve resolvemos resolvéis resuelven
volver (stem-changing o- ue”)
to return (from someplace)
vuelvo vuelves vuelve volvemos volvéis vuelven
I return the book
I return from Montreal
Yo devuelvo el libro
Yo vuelvo de Montreal
rogar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to beg or to pray
ruego, ruegas ruega rogamos rogáis ruegan
dormir (stem-changing o- ue”)
to sleep
to sleep
duermo duermes duerme dormimos dormís duermen
sonar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to sound or ring
sueno suenas suena sonamos sonáis suenan
encontrar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to find
encuentro encuentras encuentra encontramos encontráis encuentran
soñar (con) (stem-changing o- ue”)
to dream (about)
sueño con... sueñas con... sueña con... soñamos con... soñáis con... sueñan con...
envolver (stem-changing o- ue”)
to wrap
envuelvo envuelves envuelve envolvamos envolváis envuelven
tostar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to toast
tuesto tuestas tuesta tostamos tostáis tuestan
morder (stem-changing o- ue”)
to bite
to bite
muerdo muerdas muerda mordamos mordáis muerdan
volar (stem-changing o- ue”)
to fly
vuelo vuelas vuela volamos voláis vuelan
poder (stem-changing o- ue”)
to be able to (to have power)
puedo puedes puede podemos podéis pueden
llover (stem-changing o- ue”)
to rain
lluevo llueves llueve llovemos llovéis llueven
acertar (stem-changing e- ie)
to guess, to get right
acierto aciertas acierta acertamos acertáis aciertan
encender (stem-changing e- ie)
to light or kindle
enciendo enciendes enciende encendemos encendéis encienden
advertir (stem-changing e- ie)
to advise or warn
advierto adviertes advierte advertimos advertís advierten
entender (stem-changing e- ie)
to understand
entiendo entiendes entiende entendemos entendéis entienden
cerrar (stem-changing e- ie)
to close or shut
cierro cierras cierra cerramos cerráis cierran
fregar (stem-changing e- ie)
to scrub, wash dishes
friego friegas friega fregamos fregáis friegan
comenzar (stem-changing e- ie)
to begin
comienzo comienzas comienza comenzamos comenzáis comienzan
hervir (stem-changing e- ie)
to boil
hiervo hierves hierve hervimos hervís hierven
confesar (stem-changing e- ie)
to confess
confieso confiesas confiesa confesamos confesáis confiesan
mentir (stem-changing e- ie)
to lie
miento mientes miente mentimos mentís mienten
consentir (stem-changing e- ie)
to consent
consiento consientes consiente consentimos consentís consienten
negar (stem-changing e- ie)
to deny
niego niegas niega negamos negáis niegan
convertir (stem-changing e- ie)
to convert
convierto conviertes convierte convertimos convertís convierten
pensar (en) (stem-changing e- ie)
to think (about)
pienso en... piensas en... piensa en... pensamos en... pensáis en... piensan en...
defender (stem-changing e- ie)
to defend
defiendo defiendes defiende defendemos defendéis defienden
perder (stem-changing e- ie)
to lose
pierdo pierdes pierde perdemos perdéis pierden
empezar (stem-changing e- ie)
to begin
empiezo empiezas empieza empezamos empezáis empiezan
preferir (stem-changing e- ie)
to prefer
prefiero prefieres prefiere preferimos preferís prefieren
bendecir (stem-changing e- i)
to bless
bendigo* bendices bendice bendecimos bendecís bendicen
impedir (stem-changing e- i)
to impede
impido impides impide impedimos impedís impiden
colegir (stem-changing e- i)
to deduce
coligo coliges colige colegimos colegís coligen
maldecir (stem-changing e- i)
to curse
maldigo* maldices maldice maldecimos maldecís maldicen
competir (stem-changing e- i)
to compete
compito compites compite competimos competís compiten
medir (stem-changing e- i)
to measure
mido mides mide medimos medís miden
conseguir (stem-changing e- i)
to get, to obtain
consigo* consigues consigue conseguimos conseguís consiguen
pedir (stem-changing e- i)
to ask for, to order
pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden
corregir (stem-changing e- i)
to correct
corrigo corriges corrige corregimos corregís corrigen
perseguir (stem-changing e- i)
to pursue or persecute
persigo* persigues persigue perseguimos perseguís persiguen
decir (stem-changing e- i)
to say, to tell
digo* dices dice decimos decís dicen
reír (stem-changing e- i)
to laugh
río ríes ríe reímos reís ríen
despedir (stem-changing e- i)
to dismiss or fire
despido despides despide despedimos despedís despiden
repetir (stem-changing e- i)
to repeat
repito repites repite repetimos repetís repiten
elegir (stem-changing e- i)
to elect
eligo eliges elige elegimos elegís eligen
seguir (stem-changing e- i)
to follow, continue
sigo* sigues sigue seguimos seguís siguen
freír (stem-changing e- i)
to fry
frío (** Frío also means 'cold') fríes fríe freímos freís fríen
servir (stem-changing e- i)
to serve
sirvo sirves sirve servimos servís sirven
gemir (stem-changing e- i)
to groan, moan
gimo gimes gime gemimos gemís gimen
sonreír (stem-changing e- i)
to smile
sonrío* sonríes sonríe sonreímos sonreís sonríen
Ir a + infinitive
voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
To be going to do something
To be going to do something
Ir a + infinitive
voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van