Ventilation and perfusion

Question 1

Respiratory function- what do lungs need to function

Answer 1

Lungs require adequate ventilation of alveoli and adequate blood supply to exchange and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

What is ventilation and perfusion matching

Answer 2

For gas exchange to occur ventilation and perfusion need to be in the same place at the same time
This is,,,
- ventilation and perfusion matching
- perfect ratio 1/1

Question 3

Regions of lungs

Answer 3

Dependant (lower regions of the lung) are better ventilated because alveoli in the non dependant (upper regions) are already inflated because of weight of the hanging lung

Question 4

What is ventilation

Answer 4

Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 5

Perfusion

Answer 5

Blood flow in the capillary beds

Question 6

Regional differences in ventilation

Answer 6

Lower ventilate better than upper as interpleural pressure is less negative at the bottom than the top of the lung

Lower lung has greater potential for increased ventilation

Question 7

Factors affecting ventilation

Answer 7

Pleural pressure
Altered airway resistance
Lung volume

Question 8

Use of body position to…

Answer 8

Maximise ventilation.
Maximise diaphragmatic function
Optimise v/q matching

And to decrease WOB and drain sputum

Question 9

Mechanical ventilation

Answer 9

Positive pressure ventilation reverses ventilation away from the dependent lung because:
•The diaphragm is pushed down passively
•Airflow takes the path of least resistance

Question 10

TLC (total lung capacity)

Answer 10

Total volume of gas in the lungs after maximum inspiration

Question 11

Vital capacity

Answer 11

is the volume of gas that can be exhaled after a full inspiration

Question 12

Residual volume

Answer 12

volume of gas that remains in the lungs after a full expiration

Question 13

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 13

extra volume of gas that you can exhale forcefully when you reach a end of expiratory tidal volume

Question 14

Functional residual capacity

Answer 14

volume of gas remaining at the end of a tidal volume exhalation

Question 15

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

extra volume of gas that can be inhaled voluntary at the end of a inspiration tidal volume

Question 16

Tidal volume

Answer 16

volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle

Question 17

What causes variations in lung volume

Answer 17

Body size
Age
Sex

Question 18

Closing volume

Answer 18

Volume at which alveoli start to collapse

Question 19

Dead space

Answer 19

is the volume of air that is inhaled but is not used within gas exhchange

Question 20

Alveolar dead space

Answer 20

air within alveoli that should be involved with gas exchange but there’s a lack of blood supply so it isn’t involved

Question 21

Physiological dead space

Answer 21

sum of both alveoli and anatomical dead space

Question 22

Anatomical dead space

Answer 22

gas left in the mouth or trachea when we breath