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Respiratory > Ventilation and compliance > Flashcards

Ventilation and compliance Flashcards

1
Q

What is TV?

A

Tidal volume - volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs at each breath

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2
Q

What is ERV?

A

Expiratory reserve volume - maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs at the end of normal expiration

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3
Q

What is IRV?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume - maximum volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a normal inspiration

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4
Q

What is RV?

A

Residual volume - volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration

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5
Q

What is VC?

A

Vital capacity

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

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6
Q

What is TLC?

A

TENDER LOVING CARE

Total lung capacity

Vital capacity + Residual volume

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7
Q

What is IC?

A

Inspiratory capacity

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

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8
Q

What is FRC?

A

Functional reserve capacity

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

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9
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced expiratory volume 1 - forced expired volume in 1 second

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10
Q

What is FEV1:FVC?

A

Fraction of forced vital capacity expired in 1 second

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11
Q

What is the difference between pulmonary (minute) ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

A

Pulmonary ventilation is the total air movement in/out of the lungs

Alveolar ventilation is fresh air getting to the alveoli and being available for gas exchange

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12
Q

What unit is ventilation measured in?

A

L/min

often mL

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13
Q

What is the normal tidal volume for an adult?

A

500 mL

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14
Q

What is the normal ventilation rate for an adult?

A

12

Breaths / min

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15
Q

How does Tidal volume and ventilation rate change during exercise?

A

Tidal volume decreases and breathing rate increases

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16
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

the pressure that would be exerted by one of the gases in a mixture if it occupied the same volume on its own

17
Q

True or false

“The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equivalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture”

A

False

Partial pressure = percentage of that gas in the mixture, multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

18
Q

Dalton’s law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture…

A

is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases

19
Q

Under normal circumstances, the resting pO2 and pCO2 remains fairly constant

How does hyperventilation and hypoventilation affect these partial pressures?

A

Hyper-ventilation causes the pO2 to increase and pCO2 to decrease

20
Q

What is the normal alveolar pO2 and pCO2?

A

pO2 = 13.3 kPa

pCO2 = 5.3 kPa

21
Q

What is surfactant?

A

Fluid produced by type 2 alveolar cells

Surfactant reduces surface tension on the alveolar surface, reducing the tendency for the alveoli to collapse

22
Q

What is the effect of surfactant production?

A

Reduces surface tension

Increases lung compliance

Reduces lungs tendency to recoil thus making inspiration easier

23
Q

What is the law of LaPlace?

A

P = 2T/r

P - pressure
T - surface tension
r - radius

24
Q

Describe how surfactant production reduces the likelihood of alveolar collapse

A

P = 2T/r

Surfactant reduces surface tension T

Value of P therefore decreased

Less pressure means it is less likely to collapse

25
Q

What stimulates the production of surfactant?

A

Thyroid hormone and cortisol

26
Q

What is compliance?

A

Change in volume relative to change in pressure

how easily stretched is something

27
Q

What is the difference between an obstructive lung disease and a restrictive lung disease?

A

Obstructive - obstruction of air flow (airway resistance)

Restrictive - Restriction of lung expansion

28
Q

Asthma and COPD are both examples of….

A

Obstructive lung diseases

29
Q

Give examples of restrictive lung diseases…

A

Fibrosis

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Pneumothorax

Oedema

30
Q

What technique is most commonly used to measure lung function?

A

Spirometry

31
Q

What is the difference between static and dynamic measurements in spirometry?

A

Static - only thing measured is volume output

Dynamic - time taken to exhale a certain volume is measured

32
Q

How does compliance of the lung vary from base to apex?

A

Compliance at the base of the lung is higher than at the apex (top)

This is because, at the base, the lungs are slightly more compressed by the diaphragm and that makes them more compliant for some reason

Respiratory (32 decks)

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