Smoking cessation Flashcards
How many chemicals and carcinogens are in a tab? XD
> 4000 chemicals
including over 40 known carcinogens
What are the main ingredients in cigarettes
Nicotine Arsenic Cadmium Tar Carbon monoxide Acetone Hydrogen cyanide
What are the main types of cancer related to smoking, and their relative risks of developing
Lung - 22 Upper respiratory - 24 Bladder - 3 Pancreas - 2 Oesophagus - 8 Kidney - 3
What endocrine disease is heavily linked to smoking?
Type II diabetes mellitus
What locomotor illness is linked to smoking?
Osteoporosis
What dermatological condition is linked to smoking?
Psoriasis
What Opthalmological illness is related to smoking?
Macular degeneration
What Gastrointestinal problems are caused by smoking?
Peptic ulceration
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
What other major organ/system (aside from respiratory) has many pathologies linked to smoking?
Cardiovascular
What neurological condition is associated with smoking?
Parkinsons
What disease, characterised by collections of inflammatory cells in lumps (called granulomas) is linked to smoking?
Sarcoidosis
How might smoking affect the urogenital system of a woman?
Smoking increases risk of developing carcinoma of the uterus
What disease, characterised by inflammation of the alveolar walls of the lungs, in response to a foreign antigen is linked to cancer?
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
What percentage of all people smoke?
in the UK
about 20%
What groups of people are most likely to smoke?
Permanently sick or disabled - 48%
Unemployed - 46%
People looking after home/family - 31%
What groups of people smoke the least?
Retirees - 13%
Students - 15%
What percentage of people who are in jobs, smoke?
self employed + full/part time
around 19%
How do e-cigarettes work
Vaporizes a solution of nicotine in proplylene glycol / polyethylene glycol
How are E-cigs healthier than regular cigarettes?
Lacks 250 poisons / 69 carcinogens
Why might someone prefer normal cigarettes to vaping?
Nicotine hit is only 25-50% of a cigarette puff
How many pregnant women smoke?
almost 1/3
Why should pregnant women stop smoking?
1/3 increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal death
What demographic of pregnant women are more likely to smoke?
younger, single, lower educational achievement, unskilled, male partner
What problems can second hand smoke cause for babies?
Respiratory infections bronchitis bronchiolitis pneumonia cot death middle ear infection
How long on average does quitting smoking extend a smokers life?
7.5 years
Describe the effect of quitting, on the risk of heart disease development
At 1 year, risk of having MI is 50% of a smokers
At 15 years, risk is the same as someone who doesnt smoke
How long does it take after quitting, before the risk of developing lung cancer is the same as someone who never smoked?
Prankd - it wont ever be the same
At 10 - 15 years, the risk is only slightly higher than that of a non smoker
How much of tobaccos price is taxed?
How does this compare internationally?
77% tax on tobacco
Highest in Europe
What are the economic gains of taxing tobacco?
Treasury earned £9.5 billion in 2014-15
Is increasing tax and decreasing smoking elastic?
No
For a 10% increase in price, there is a 4% reduction is smoking
What is the cost to the NHS for smoking related diseases?
£3-5 billion annually
What is the social cost of smoking?
£13 billion annually
Caused by
Loss of productivity / economic output
Absenteeism
Fires
Passive smoking effects
Describe the UK tobacco industry
5000 people employed
Duopoly of Japan Tobacco Int. and Imperial tobacco with 84% market share
1/5th of tobacco is smuggled
What big act did the Scottish gov do to combat smoking?
Smoking, Health and Social Care Act 2005
What laws are in place to limit tobacco consumption?
Cant:
- Sell to <18
- Smoke in car with kids
- Proxy purchase
- Vending machines
- Public smoking
Must have standardised packaging with gruesome images covering 65%
