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Respiratory > Smoking cessation > Flashcards

Smoking cessation Flashcards

1
Q

How many chemicals and carcinogens are in a tab? XD

A

> 4000 chemicals

including over 40 known carcinogens

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2
Q

What are the main ingredients in cigarettes

A 
Nicotine 
Arsenic 
Cadmium 
Tar 
Carbon monoxide 
Acetone 
Hydrogen cyanide
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3
Q

What are the main types of cancer related to smoking, and their relative risks of developing

A 
Lung - 22 
Upper respiratory - 24 
Bladder - 3 
Pancreas - 2 
Oesophagus - 8 
Kidney - 3
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4
Q

What endocrine disease is heavily linked to smoking?

A

Type II diabetes mellitus

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5
Q

What locomotor illness is linked to smoking?

A

Osteoporosis

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6
Q

What dermatological condition is linked to smoking?

A

Psoriasis

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7
Q

What Opthalmological illness is related to smoking?

A

Macular degeneration

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8
Q

What Gastrointestinal problems are caused by smoking?

A

Peptic ulceration
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis

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9
Q

What other major organ/system (aside from respiratory) has many pathologies linked to smoking?

A

Cardiovascular

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10
Q

What neurological condition is associated with smoking?

A

Parkinsons

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11
Q

What disease, characterised by collections of inflammatory cells in lumps (called granulomas) is linked to smoking?

A

Sarcoidosis

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12
Q

How might smoking affect the urogenital system of a woman?

A

Smoking increases risk of developing carcinoma of the uterus

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13
Q

What disease, characterised by inflammation of the alveolar walls of the lungs, in response to a foreign antigen is linked to cancer?

A

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

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14
Q

What percentage of all people smoke?

in the UK

A

about 20%

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15
Q

What groups of people are most likely to smoke?

A

Permanently sick or disabled - 48%

Unemployed - 46%

People looking after home/family - 31%

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16
Q

What groups of people smoke the least?

A

Retirees - 13%

Students - 15%

17
Q

What percentage of people who are in jobs, smoke?

self employed + full/part time

A

around 19%

18
Q

How do e-cigarettes work

A

Vaporizes a solution of nicotine in proplylene glycol / polyethylene glycol

19
Q

How are E-cigs healthier than regular cigarettes?

A

Lacks 250 poisons / 69 carcinogens

20
Q

Why might someone prefer normal cigarettes to vaping?

A

Nicotine hit is only 25-50% of a cigarette puff

21
Q

How many pregnant women smoke?

A

almost 1/3

22
Q

Why should pregnant women stop smoking?

A

1/3 increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal death

23
Q

What demographic of pregnant women are more likely to smoke?

A

younger, single, lower educational achievement, unskilled, male partner

24
Q

What problems can second hand smoke cause for babies?

A 
Respiratory infections
bronchitis
bronchiolitis
pneumonia
cot death
middle ear infection
25
Q

How long on average does quitting smoking extend a smokers life?

A

7.5 years

26
Q

Describe the effect of quitting, on the risk of heart disease development

A

At 1 year, risk of having MI is 50% of a smokers

At 15 years, risk is the same as someone who doesnt smoke

27
Q

How long does it take after quitting, before the risk of developing lung cancer is the same as someone who never smoked?

A

Prankd - it wont ever be the same

At 10 - 15 years, the risk is only slightly higher than that of a non smoker

28
Q

How much of tobaccos price is taxed?

How does this compare internationally?

A

77% tax on tobacco

Highest in Europe

29
Q

What are the economic gains of taxing tobacco?

A

Treasury earned £9.5 billion in 2014-15

30
Q

Is increasing tax and decreasing smoking elastic?

A

No

For a 10% increase in price, there is a 4% reduction is smoking

31
Q

What is the cost to the NHS for smoking related diseases?

A

£3-5 billion annually

32
Q

What is the social cost of smoking?

A

£13 billion annually

Caused by 
        Loss of productivity / economic output
	Absenteeism
	Fires 
	Passive smoking effects
33
Q

Describe the UK tobacco industry

A

5000 people employed

Duopoly of Japan Tobacco Int. and Imperial tobacco with 84% market share

1/5th of tobacco is smuggled

34
Q

What big act did the Scottish gov do to combat smoking?

A

Smoking, Health and Social Care Act 2005

35
Q

What laws are in place to limit tobacco consumption?

A

Cant:

  • Sell to <18
  • Smoke in car with kids
  • Proxy purchase
  • Vending machines
  • Public smoking

Must have standardised packaging with gruesome images covering 65%

Respiratory (32 decks)

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