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Jamie Respiration Functionality > Ventilation and Compliance > Flashcards

Ventilation and Compliance Flashcards

1
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs at each breath

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2
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The maximum volume of expired from the lungs at the end of normal inspiration

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3
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

The maximum volume of inspired from the lungs at the end of normal inspiration

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4
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The volume of gas in the lungs at the end of max expiration

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5
Q

What is vital capacity equal to?

A

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume

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6
Q

What is total lung capacity equal to?

A

Vital capacity + Residual volume

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7
Q

What is inspiratory capacity equal to?

A

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

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8
Q

What is the functional residual capacity equal to?

A

Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume

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9
Q

What is FEV1?

A

The forced expired volume in 1 second

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10
Q

What is FEV1:FVC?

A

The fraction of forced vital capacity expired in 1 second

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11
Q

What are the 2 main types of ventilation?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

Alveolar ventilation

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12
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

The total air movement in or our of the lungs

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13
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

The amount of “fresh air” reaching alveoli for gas exchange

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14
Q

Does an increased or decreased respiratory rate cause hypoventilation?

A

An increased RR

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15
Q

Does an increased or decreased respiratory rate cause hyperventilation?

A

A decreased RR

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16
Q

What is total pulmonary ventilation equal to?

A

Tidal volume x Respiratory rate

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17
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

The pressure of a gas in a mixture if it occupied the same volume as the mixture but alone

18
Q

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hyperventilation?

A

PO2 increases

PCO2 decreases

19
Q

What happens to PO2 and PCO2 during hypoventilation?

A

PO2 decreases

PCO2 increases

20
Q

What effect does surfactant reducing the surface tension on the alveolar surface membrane have on the alveoli?

A

Reduces the tendency for the alveoli to callapse

21
Q

What effect does surfactant have on lung compliance and a lung’s tendency to recoil?

A

Increases compliance

Decreases tendency to recoil

22
Q

Is surfactant more effective on large or small alveoli and why?

A

Small alveoli as surfactant molecules are close together and therefore more concentrated

23
Q

When does surfactant production begin and complete?

A

Begins - 25 weeks into gestation

Completes - 36 weeks into gestation

24
Q

What condition is suffered by premature babies who haven’t completed surfactant production?

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

25
Q

What is compliance and what does it represent in the lungs?

A

Compliance is the change in volume relative to change in pressure and represents the strechability of the lungs

26
Q

What does it mean for a lung to have high compliance?

A

A large increase in lung volume for only a small decrease in pressure

27
Q

What does it mean for a lung to have low compliance?

A

A small increase in lung volume for a large decrease in pressure

28
Q

What is emphysema and is it an example of Low or High Compliance?

A

Loss of elastic tissue increasing the effort of expiration

High compliance

29
Q

What is fibrosis and is it an example of Low or High Compliance?

A

Fibrous tissue becoming inert increasing the effort of inspiration
Low compliance

30
Q

Is the lung more compliant at the base or apex?

A

Base

31
Q

What are obstructive lung diseases?

A

Those which obstruct airflow (especially on expiration)

32
Q

What are restrictive lung diseases?

A

Those which restrict lung expansion

33
Q

What are 2 examples of obstructive lung diseases?

A

Asthma

COPD

34
Q

What are 2 examples of restrictive lung disorders?

A

Fibrosis

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

35
Q

What is spirometry used to measure?

A

Lung function

36
Q

What are the 2 classifications for lung function measurement by spirometry?

A

Static - only volume exhaled

Dynamic - time taken to exhale certain volume

37
Q

What should the FEV1/FVC% be normally?

A

80%

38
Q

Will the FEV increase or decrease in obstructive lung disease?

A

Decrease

39
Q

Will the FEV increase or decrease in restrictive lung disease?

A

Increase

40
Q

What change occurs to the rate of air in obstructive lung disease?

A

Rate is slower

41
Q

What change occurs to the volume of air in restrictive lung disease?

A

Total volume is reduced

Jamie Respiration Functionality (5 decks)

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