Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Jamie Respiration Functionality > Anatomy of Respiration > Flashcards

Anatomy of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the respiration system?

A

Gas exchange
Acid base balance
Protection from infection
Communication via speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most basic explanation of gas exchange?

A

Oxygen is added to the blood from air

CO2 is removed from the blood into the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the term that describes the following?

“The transport of oxygen to tissues and CO2 away from tissues”

A

External respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is significant about the pulmonary circulation?

A

It delivers CO2 to the alveoli and picks up O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

A

Deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of blood does the pulmonary vein carry?

A

Oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the 2 places in the body gas exchange can occur?

A

Capillaries

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal breathing rate at rest?

A

10-20 breaths/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is it significant that air typically is inhaled through the nose as opposed to the mouth?

A

The nose is much better at moistening the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 5 structures make up the upper respiratory system (above sternum)?

A 
Pharynx
Larynx
Oesophagus
Nasal cavity
Tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 4 structures make up the lower respiratory system (below sternum)?

A

Lungs
Trachea
Bronchi
Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many lobes are there in the right lung and what are there names (in order from top to bottom)?

A

3 (Superior, Middle, Inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many lobes are there in the left lung and what are there names (in order from top to bottom)?

A

2 (Superior, Inferior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which fissure separates the superior and middle lobe of the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which fissure separates the middle and inferior lobe of the right lung?

A

Oblique fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which fissure separates the superior and inferior lobe of the left lung?

A

Oblique fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which lung to aspirated foreign bodies tend to be found in and why?

A

The right lung due to the more vertical trajectory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many times does each primary bronchi branch?

A

22 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structures maintains the patency of an airway in the trachea and bronchi?

A

C-shaped rings of cartilage

20
Q

What is significant about bronchioles in comparison to bronchi?

A

They contain no cartilage

21
Q

What is the function of type I pneumocytes?

A

Gas exchange

22
Q

What is the function of type II pneumocytes?

A

To synthesise surfactant

23
Q

What is surfactant?

A

A substance which reduces surface tension

24
Q

What is the air in airways that cannot undergo gas exchange known as?

A

Anatomical dead space

25
Q

What constitutes the lining of the respiratory tract? (6)

A 
Epithelium
Glands
Lymph nodes
Blood vessels (for nutrition)
Cilia
Mucous
26
Q

What 3 changes occur in the lining of the respiratory tract as it progresses from the nose to the alveoli?

A

Epithelium becomes more squamous
Mucous cells lost
Cilia lost

27
Q

What is mucous produced by?

A

Goblet cells

Sub-epithelial glands

28
Q

What are the 3 functions of mucous?

A

Moisten air
Trap particles
Provide large surface are for cilia action

29
Q

What covers the lungs and interior of the thorax?

A

The pleural sac

30
Q

What are the structures of the 2 lung pleura (from the inside out)? (3)

A

Visceral pleura > Pleural cavity > Parietal pleura

31
Q

What is pleurisy?

A

Inflammation of the pleura

32
Q

What 2 forces keep the pleura and lung stretched?

A

Elastic recoil of the chest - outward pull

Elastic recoil of the lung - inward pull

33
Q

What happens to the lung and visceral pleura after a pneumothorax?

A

They collapse to their un-stretched size

34
Q

What 4 muscles are used for inspiration?

A

External intercostals
Diaphragm
Scalenes
External intercostals

35
Q

What is significant about expiration in terms of muscle use?

A

Expiration is passive at rest

36
Q

What 2 muscles are used during large expiratory loads?

A

Abdominal muscles

Internal intercostals

37
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and thoracic volume during inspiration?

A

Diaphragm contracts

Thoracic volume increases

38
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and thoracic volume during expiration?

A

Diaphragm relaxes

Thoracic volume decreases

39
Q

What is the physiological change that occurs due to asthma?

A

Over-reactive constriction of bronchial smooth muscle

40
Q

What effect does asthma have on expiration and inspiration?

A

Increases resistance of bronchus making expiration difficult

Has no effect on inspiration

41
Q

What are the 3 relevant pressures for inspiration and expiration?

A

Alveolar pressure - Pa (intra-thoracic pressure)
Intra-pleural pressure - Pip
Transpulmonary pressure - Pt

42
Q

What is alveolar pressure?

A

The pressure inside the thoracic cavity

43
Q

What is intra-pleural pressure?

A

The pressure inside the pleural cavity

44
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

The difference between alveolar pressure and intra-pleural pressure

45
Q

Is alveolar pressure negative or positive compared to atmospheric pressure?

A

It can be either

46
Q

Is intra-pleural pressure negative or positive compared to atmospheric pressure?

A

Always negative

47
Q

Is transpulmonary pressure negative or positive compared to atmospheric pressure?

A

Always positive because intra-pleural pressure is always negative

Jamie Respiration Functionality (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions