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04. Year 1: Respiratory System > Ventilation and Compliance 1 > Flashcards

Ventilation and Compliance 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the capacity of each lung?

A

3L (total capacity of 6L)

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2
Q

What is the size of a typical breath?

A

500ml

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3
Q

How full are lungs at the end of a normal breath?

A

Half full

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4
Q

What is the volume of air that cannot be voluntarily shifted called?

A

Residual volume

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5
Q

How large is residual volume?

A

1.2L

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6
Q

What is residual volume needed for?

A

Stop alveoli from collapsing and for gas exchange to take place between breaths

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7
Q

How much gas is in anatomical dead space?

A

150ml

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8
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

A normal breath, 500ml

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9
Q

What is the volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs at each breath called?

A

Tidal volume, TV

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10
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume, ERV?

A

Maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

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11
Q

What is the maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of normal expiration called?

A

Expiratory reserve volume, ERV

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12
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume, IRV?

A

Maximum volume of air which can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration

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13
Q

What is the maximum volume of air which can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration called?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume, IRV

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14
Q

What is residual volume, RV?

A

Volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

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15
Q

What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration called?

A

Residual volume, RV

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16
Q

What is vital capacity, VC?

A

Tidal capacity + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

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17
Q

What does total volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume make?

A

Vital capacity, VC

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18
Q

What is total lung capacity, TLC?

A

Vital capacity + residual volume

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19
Q

What does vital capacity + residual volume make?

A

Total lung capacity, TLC

20
Q

What is inspiratory capacity, IC?

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

21
Q

What does tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume make?

A

Inspiratory capacity, IC

22
Q

What is functional residual capacity, FRC?

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

23
Q

What does expiratory reserve volume + residual volume make?

A

Functional residual capacity, FRC

24
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced expired volume in 1 second

25
Q

What is the forced expired volume in 1 second called?

A

FEV1

26
Q

What is FEV1:FVC?

A

Fraction of forced vital capacity expired in 1 second

27
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

28
Q

What are the 2 kinds of ventilation?

A

Pulmonary (minute) ventilation

Alveolar ventilation

29
Q

What is pulmonary (minute) inspiration?

A

Total air movement into/out of lungs

30
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

Fresh air getting to alveoli and available for gas exchange

31
Q

Which of pulmonary and alveolar ventilation is functionally significant?

A

Alveolar ventilation as it describes fresh air available for gas exchange

32
Q

What is pulmonary and alveolar ventilation measured in?

A

L/min

33
Q

How efficient is normal breathing and why?

A

70% because 150ml of the 500ml breath gets stuck in anatomically dead space

34
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Breathing more air than normal (above 4.2L/min)

35
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

Breathing less air than normal (below 4.2L/min)

36
Q

What is a standard value for alveolar ventilation?

A

4.2L/min

37
Q

How does breathing less volume quicker compare to breathing larger breaths slower?

A

Both have the same pulmonary ventilation

More volume and slower has greater alveolar ventilation due to anatomically dead space during each breath having a smaller effect overall

38
Q

What is Dalton’s law?

A

Total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual gasses

39
Q

What is the air composed of?

A

78% nitrogen

21% oxygen

  1. 9% argon
  2. 04% carbon dioxide
40
Q

What is carbon dioxide in our cells due to?

A

Carbon dioxide that we produce internally as waste, not the carbon dioxide that we breathe in

41
Q

What is a partial pressure?

A

Pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equilvalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

42
Q

How does the pressure exerted by different gas molecules compare?

A

All gas molecules exert the same pressure

43
Q

What is normal atmospheric pressure?

A

101kPa

760mmHg

44
Q

What are the partial pressures of oxygen and CO2 like under normal conditions?

A

Resting alveolar PCO2 and PO2 remains fairly constant

45
Q

What happens to the partial pressures of oxygen and CO2 during hyperventilation?

A

PO2 rises and PCO2 falls

46
Q

What happens to the partial pressures of oxygen and CO2 during hypoventilation?

A

PO2 falls and PCO2 rises

04. Year 1: Respiratory System (37 decks)

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