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Bates Academy Block Test 4 > Ventilation > Flashcards

Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Cockloft

A

The area between the roof and the ceiling.

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2
Q

Diffusion

A

A naturally occurring event in which molecules travel from levels of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

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3
Q

Frontage

A

The portion of a property that faces and actually touches the street.

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4
Q

Guard Dogs

A

Trained animals that will bark and attack intruder.

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5
Q

Horizontal Ventilation

A

Channeled pathway for fire ventilation via horizontal openings.

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6
Q

Lifting

A

A tern used to describe the removal of upper level smoke and heat when cool air replaces the upper level hot air that is escaping.

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7
Q

Mission Vision

A

A term used to describe a condition in which a person becomes so focused on an objective that peripheral conditions are not noticed, as if the person is wearing blinders.

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8
Q

Pipe Chase

A

A construction term used to describe a void designed to house building water supply and waste pipes. The term electrical chase is used for wiring.

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9
Q

Thermal Level

A

A layer of air that is of the same approximate temperature.

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10
Q

Vertical Ventilation

A

Channeled pathway for fir ventilation via vertical openings.

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11
Q

Watch Dogs

A

Trained dogs that will bark and create a commotion, but will not attack.

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12
Q

Ventilation

A

The planned methodical, and systematic removal of pressure, heat, smoke and gasses and in some cases even flame from an enclosed area through predetermined paths.

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13
Q

What does the combustion of organic materials produce?

A

Heat, smoke, pressure, and fire gasses.

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14
Q

What happens in an energy efficient homes with tight seems and insulation?

A

More heat stays in the compartment and is radiated back towards the compartment. Leading to hotter fires and earlier failures of structural components.

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of horizontal and vertical ventilation?

A

May cause adverse heat, smoke and fire spread if done improperly.
Roof ventilation openings cause further structural damage.
Risk firefighter safety during roof operations.

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16
Q

Without horizontal ventilation during a fire what happens to heat, gases, and fire in a compartment when hit with water.

A

Entry point where hose team is becomes vent point for heat and gases.

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17
Q

Some occupancy’s fire systems release gases like halon into a room and might be protecting what?

A

Delicate items such as computers, biological labs, or archives. Ventilation must be avoided in case of possible rekindle when introducing oxygen.

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18
Q

What can be done with attack or guard dogs?

A

Use hose stream, dry chemical to move dog to safer area. If not police may have to be called.

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19
Q

What should be noted when doing a size up?

A

Electrical lines near vent windows which can impede access or cause hazards for ladders or aluminum siding.

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20
Q

What happens to smoke coming out of a chimney if it is hot or humid outside?

A

Smoke will spread out horizontally instead of lifting straight out like on a crisp, cool day.

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21
Q

What happens to molecules during an endothermic reaction?

A

They reunite to form new substances, taking heat from its surroundings and uses it to bond the loose ends of other molecules.

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22
Q

Carbon dioxide binds with red blood cells how many times more readily than oxygen?

A

200X

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23
Q

In a hostile environment the survival time of a firefighter in full gear can last how long?

A

10-15 seconds

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24
Q

With adequate oxygen on a burning material what color is the flame?

A

Yellow, becomes orange, dark orange, then red as the fire lacks more oxygen.

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25
Q

What are the signs of a backdraft?

A 
Smoke stained windows.
Puffing of smoke at seams and cracks of windows and doors.
Smoking pushing out under pressure.
No visible flame or dull red flame.
Heavy, black smoke.
Tightly sealed building.
Large, open void or area
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26
Q

The greater the distance between the fire and the exit in a backdraft the greater the…

A

force produced.

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27
Q

Three types of heat transmission are?

A

Conduction, convention, and radiation.

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28
Q

What are the two main types of ventilation?

A

Natural and Mechanical

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29
Q

Cutting a hole in a roof and breaking windows is considered what type of ventilation?

A

Natural, unless fans are used.

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30
Q

What can be utilized for ventilation in sealed climate controlled buildings?

A

HVAC units

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31
Q

Which types of fans were the first used by the fire service?

A

Smoke Ejectors, which drew heat and smoke out of a building using negative pressure.

32
Q

What is the major disadvantage of a smoke ejector?

A

Fire crews positioning the fan has to work in smoke and heat. Also draws caustic substances through the fan.

33
Q

Positive pressure ventilation does what to a building?

A

Positively charges the atmosphere with air displacing heat and smoke.

34
Q

When should you never use PPV?

A

Imminent or confirmed rescue of a firefighter or civilian.
Working fire attack.
Unknown location of fire.
Inability to provide a proper exhaust point.
Structure that presents an overpressurization or hostile event indicator.

35
Q

What is the distinct advantage of PPV?

A

Ease of set up, simply put fan on exterior door.

36
Q

What are the three types of mechanical ventilation?

A

Smoke fans, PPV, Hydraulic

37
Q

What is a major disadvantage or hydraulic ventilation?

A

Use lots of water and can cause water damage.

38
Q

What is the order of efficiency in mechanical ventilation?

A

PPV, Smoke Ejector, Hydraulic

39
Q

What should your stream be at to do hydraulic ventilation?

A

30-60 degrees, filling 90% of the opening.

40
Q

What is the quickest way to open a building for ventilation?

A

Break glass

41
Q

After taking a window what should be done to protect possible victims?

A

Clear any shades or blinds out of the building and search right below the window.

42
Q

The two step movement for glass removal is?

A
  1. Break glass from upper to lower sashes and then 2. Sweeping the perimeter to remove remaining glass.
43
Q

What is a disadvantage of breaking a window with a halligan or ax?

A

Short compared to pike pole.

44
Q

A very effective method of breaking an upper level window is with a ladder. Where should you aim?

A

2/3 the height of the window and watch out for glass.

45
Q

Areas of high pressure will flow where?

A

Into areas of lower pressure.

46
Q

What can disrupt negative pressure ventilation?

A

Too many openings which will just churn the smoke and not focus it out the opening with the fan.

47
Q

Negative pressure ventilation can be very effective in which type of environment?

A

Limited access compartments such as cellars or basements. Used during overhaul NOT fire attack.

48
Q

Using PPV fans, tests have proven to be successful up to how many floors?

A

25

49
Q

For every cubic foot of air injected how much must be ejected?

A

1 cubic foot

50
Q

Positive pressure is most effective when the exhaust opening how large compared to the entrance opening?

A

3/4 to 1 1/2x

51
Q

PPV evacuation of smoke is effective up to how many feet?

A

1000 ft

52
Q

What are the two type of vertical ventilation openings?

A

Offensive: Ones placed over the fire or as close as possible and Defensive: Strip or trench cut operations as a line of defense.

53
Q

An expandable cut should be how long on one side?

A

4ft, 16 cubic feet after complete

54
Q

To extend a cut, in the book, how many cuts does it take?

A

3

55
Q

What is the main disadvantage of expandable cut?

A

Amount of debris produced.

56
Q

The two panel louver operation is primarily used on a roof made of what?

A

Plywood sheeting over roof cover.

57
Q

Louver in Lieu needs how many firefighters and what supplies?

A

3 Firefighters, 2 saws, 1 rubbish rake

58
Q

A triangular cut is favored on which type of roof?

A

Open web bar joist with Q-decking

59
Q

What is a disadvantage of a trench cut?

A

When the decision is made for the cut, the fire side of the building is deemed unsavable.

60
Q

What should be below a strip cut after completion?

A

A hose line to protect against any fire trying to jump in attic space.

61
Q

What should firefighters attempt to locate when sizing up a basement fire?

A

Any openings for egress, horizontal or vertical ventilation.

62
Q

What are you looking for with an inspection cut?

A 
Roof covering and depth of covering
Roof sheeting material
Rafter direction
Conditions directly below firefighters
Type of operations the ventilation crew will be accomplishing
63
Q

What are the safety considerations of vertical ventilation?

A 
Will ventilation permit the fire to extend?
Will egress be cut off?
Will ventilation endanger others?
Work in teams?
Proper supervision?
64
Q

What does LCES stand for?

A

Lookouts
Communications
Escape Routes
Safety Zones

65
Q

What are the obstacles to ventilation?

A

Access, Security Devices, Height, Poor Planning, Personnel Assignment, Unfamiliar building layout, Ventilation timing

66
Q

Which types of layouts of seemingly square structures can be unusual?

A

U or L shaped

67
Q

What is the difference between opening and cutting a roof?

A

Cutting roof involves making the necessary cuts on a roof while opening a roof actually means removing the roofing materials to facilitate ventilation.

68
Q

What are the factors affecting ventilation?

A

Partial openings, partially broken windows, screens, roof material, dropped or hanging ceilings, building size, weather, opening windows.

69
Q

Which has greater ventilation capacity many small openings or one large opening both of equal sizes?

A

One larger opening

70
Q

Eddy Currents

A

The constant peeling off of smoke against perimeter of vessel (smoke in a chimney).

71
Q

Screens reduce ventilation by how much?

A

50%

72
Q

If ventilating an older roof with many layers of roofing material how should it be removed?

A

Cut all but the lower layer, then follow up with a second cut to complete it.

73
Q

Why is it difficult to ventilate a drop ceiling?

A
  1. Not always obvious
  2. Often out of reach of the roof firefighter.
  3. Difficult to open above or below
74
Q

When entering a room with a drop ceiling what should be done first?

A

Lift up a panel near the door to check conditions above.

75
Q

Neutral Plane

A

Phenomenon in tall buildings where smoke will collect instead of continuing to rise.

76
Q

What will rain do to vertically ventilated gases?

A

Cool super heated gases and impede vertical flow. Same condition will occur with snow only to a greater degree due to snowflakes weight.

77
Q

If there are two windows to a compartment the best way to ventilate that room is to do what?

A

Use the Top 2/3 and bottom 1/3 rule. One window should be opened 2/3 from the top and the other 1/3 from the bottom. It will allow cool air to move in below while expelling hot gases up through the other window.

Bates Academy Block Test 4 (4 decks)

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