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Ventilation & Rescue > Ventilation > Flashcards

Ventilation Flashcards

0
Q

Tactical ventilation contributes too what factors?

A
  • Life safety
  • fire attack and extinguishment
  • fire spread control
  • reduction in flashpoint & backdraft potential
  • property conservation
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1
Q

Ventilation

A

Is the systematic removal of heated air, smoke, and fire gases from a burning building and replacing it with cooler air.

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2
Q

What increases firefighter safety and reduces interior temperatures?

A

Timely and effective ventilation

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3
Q

What does effective ventilation improve?

A

Visibility, permits firefighters to move more rapidly to extinguish the fire

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4
Q

Ventilation opening made in the upper portion of a building is known as what?

A

Chimney effect

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5
Q

Where should you ventilate?

A

Directly over the fire, any openings else where can contribute to fire spread

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6
Q

What is key to ventilation teams?

A

Closely coordinating with fire attack teams and rescue

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7
Q

Convection causes what effect when gases rise from the fire?

A

Mushrooming

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8
Q

After ventilation why is it important to extinguish the fore as soon as possible?

A

Increased air supply can feed the fire and allow more growth to occur

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9
Q

What occurs between the growth and fully developed stage that causes auto ignition?

A

Flashover

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10
Q

Signs for potential backdraft?

A
  • excessive heat
  • smoke stained windows
  • smoke puffing in intervals
  • little visible flame
  • black smoke becoming yellow
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11
Q

Decision for ventilation after the following questions are asked?

A
  1. Is there a need for ventilation at this time?
  2. Where is ventilation needed?
  3. What type of ventilation should be used?
  4. Do fire and structure conditions allow for safe roof operations?
  5. Are the vent personnel trained and equipped under these circumstances?
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12
Q

What is the first consideration when ventilating?

A

Safety of firefighters and occupants

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13
Q

What effects do smoke and gas have in a building?

A
  • visual impairment
  • toxic gases
  • lack of oxygen
  • flammable gases
  • backdraft
  • flashover
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14
Q

What is important to remember about smoke?

A

It is fuel that has not yet ignited

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15
Q

Before ventilation on a building what is key to know about the structure?

A
  • number and size of walls
  • number of stories, staircases, elevator shafts, ducts and roof openings
  • exterior fire escapes
  • any adjoining structures
  • roof construction
  • built in fire protection
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16
Q

What is the fastest and easiest way to determine building questions?

A

Pre-incident plan

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17
Q

What is the term when fire and smoke spread rapidly through pipe shafts, air handling systems, staircases and ex…?

A

Stack effect

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18
Q

What is the best method for ventilation on high rise buildings?

A

Horizontally and using Mechanical devises and HVAC systems

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19
Q

What is one of the most challenging situations a firefighter will face?

A

Basement fires

20
Q

What factor complicates the ventilation process?

A

Windowless buildings

21
Q

What are some ways fire extension occurs?

A
  • stairways and elevator shafts
  • balloon framing
  • lapping or exterior flame spread
  • beams, pipes or floor to floor
22
Q

What is key about deciding where to ventilate?

A
  • existing openings
  • location of fire
  • building construction
  • wind direction
  • condition of building and fore spread
  • potential roof collapse
  • effect it would have on fire
  • effect without
  • attack teams readiness
  • ability to do so
23
Q

What are the three major types of roofs?

A

Flat, pitched, and arched

24
Q

Ventilation can occur after the Ic does what?

A
  • determine it can be done safely
  • type of construction
  • location
  • safety
  • escape routes
  • personal and tools
25
Q

When ventilating what are some safety precautions to follow?

A
  • work with wind
  • note obstructions
  • secondary means of escape
  • ensure structure supports arnt cut
  • guard opening to prevent fall hazard
  • use lifelines and ladders
  • watch for wires
  • full PPE
  • caution when using tools
  • extend ladder 3 to 5 rungs above the roof
  • aerial ladder should be even with roof
  • structure integrity
  • walk on structure points
  • ensure ceilings are fully punched
26
Q

What are some warning signs or an unsafe roof?

A
  • melting asphalt
  • spongy roof
  • smoke coming from roof
  • fire coming from roof
27
Q

Roof covering?

A

Part of the roof exposed to weather

28
Q

When making a ventilation you should cut what?

A

A square 4x4

29
Q

Flat roofs

A

Are commonly found on commercial, industrial, and apartments and single family

30
Q

Arched roofs have what two designs?

A

Bowstring trusses

Lamellar trusses

31
Q

What are two types of concrete roofs?

A

Precast

Poured in place

32
Q

What must be used for metal roofs?

A

Metal cutting saws with cutting blades

33
Q

Trench ventilation

A

Used to stop the spread of fire in a long narrow structure

34
Q

What are some factors that reduce the effectiveness of ventilation?

A
  • improper use of fans
  • excessive window breaking
  • fire streams directed into vent openings
  • breaking sky lines
  • explosions
  • burn through roof
  • additional openings
35
Q

Horizontal ventilation

A

Venting smoke and fire through horizontal means

36
Q

What are factors that lead to horizontal vent?

A
  • attic is not involved
  • multi stories where the fire is below top floor
  • vertical vent unsafe
  • daylight beams
  • cold smoke
37
Q

The side of the building the wind is striking?

A

Windward

38
Q

Wind is not striking

A

Leeward

39
Q

What is important to remember about venting?

A

It should not occur until a charges hose line is in place

40
Q

What are two ways to force ventilate?

A

Mechanically and hydraulically

41
Q

Positive forced vent?

A

Blowing fresh air in

42
Q

Negative forced vent?

A

Expel smoke

43
Q

What two ways are used to power portable fans?

A

Electric and gasoline

44
Q

Churning?

A

When the negative fan isn’t sealed the smoke will pull back into the room

45
Q

Positive pressure vent

A

High volume fan to creat lightly higher pressure forcing the air out

46
Q

What is the area where the ppv is places?

A

Entry point

47
Q

The blower is placed how far outside the entry point?

A

4-10ft

48
Q

Hydraulic vent?

A

Fog pattern covering 85-90% of the window or door and the nozzle should be at least 2ft back

Ventilation & Rescue (2 decks)

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