Venous Vascular Disorders Flashcards
Describe how varicose veins look.
Irregular, dilated, tortuous areas of superficial veins
Where are varicose veins found?
Common in the legs but can also occur in the esophagus and rectum
What do varicosities in the legs develop from?
Varicosities in the legs can develop from weakness or defect in the walls or valves of veins
What increases pressure within veins?
Long periods of standing
What do varicosities predispose someone to?
Thrombus Formation
What is the etiology of varicose veins? (5)
- Familial tendency
- Less muscle support in superficial veins
- Valvular damage
- Standing for long periods of time
- Crossing legs
What type of valvular damage can lead to varicose veins? (3)
- Trauma
- IV administration
- Thrombophlebitis
How do superficial varicosities look?
- Irregular
- Purplish
- Bulging structures
One clinical manifestation of varicose veins is edema, what can this lead to?
- Fatigue and aching in the legs
- Edema decreases arterial blood flow and therefore nutrient supply
When varicose veins are present, how does the skin look?
- Shiny
- Pigmented
- Hairless
Due to varicose veins, a chronic sore can develop on the legs, what is it called?
Varicose ulcers
What is the treatment for varicose veins? (3)
- Keep legs elevated
- Support stockings/ restricted clothing
- Crossing legs to be avoided
Define thrombophlebitis.
Thrombus development in inflamed vein
Where does thrombophlebitis occur?
IV sites
Define phlebothrombosis.
Thrombus forms spontaneously without prior inflammation; attached loosely
3 factors for thrombus development
- Stasis of blood or sluggish blood flow
- Endothelial injury
- Increased blood coagulability
Are the clinical manifestations of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis overt?
No, they often go unnoticed.
What are the symptoms of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis in the affected legs? (3)
- Aching
- Burning
- Tenderness
What are the systemic signs of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis? (3)
- Fever
- Malaise
- Leukocytosis
What is a complication of thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis?
Pulmonary embolism
What are the preventative measures that can be taken to prevent against thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis?
Exercise and leg elevation
What type of therapies or interventions are used for thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis?
- Anti coagulant therapy
2. Surgical intervention
