Venous Thromboembolism And PE Flashcards
Virchow triad of DVT causation
Venous stasis
Hyper coagulability
Vascular injury
Immobility
Epidemiology of DVT
1/1000/annum
30%^ risk with previous DVT
30% present as sudden death
Risks factors of DVT
Family history
Previous DVT
obesity
Thrombophilia
Pregnancy
Physiology of DVT
most common in legs unilaterally
Cerebral mesenteric or splenic artery
Clinical presentation
Asymptomatic
Lower limb: pain swelling increased temperature of limb, dilation of limb
UNILATERALLY
Clinical presentation of PE
Collapse, faintness, pleuritic chest pain, difficulty breathing, haemoptysis
Investigations of DVT
D-dimer as negative predictor
Venous ultrasonography of popliteal or femoral vein
Wells probability score
Investigations of PE
chest x-ray
ABG
V/Q scan
CT pulmonary angiogram
Differential diagnosis of DVT
Ruptured bakers cyst
Calf haematoma
Cellulitis
Treatment of DVT and PE
Rapid coagulation
Oral anticoagulant to prevent future DVT
Define atheroma
Plaque found in arteries
Define atherosclerosis
Plaque build up in arteries causing occlusion
Three complications of atheroma
Thrombus
Embolism
Infarction
Define thrombus
Calcification of blood constituents in the vascular system
Three risk factors for thrombus
Virchow triads
Hyper coagulation
Vascular injury
stasis- immobility
Complications of thrombosis
Arterial occlusion
Embolism
Define embolism
Detached solid mass
Carried through blood
Emboli are formed from thrombi
2 main types of embolism and definition
Pulmonary embolism
Systemic embolism
Consequences of PE
Circulatory obstruction
Small recurrent embolsim= pulmonary hypertension
Consequences of systemic embolism
Aortic aneurysms
Endocarditis
Define infarction
Ischemic necrosis caused by arterial occlusion
Most common sites of infarction
Middle cerebral artery- TIA
Coronary artery
look at Ross’ lecture
