Cardiac Biomarkers

Question 1

How is atherosclerosis formed

Answer 1

Formation of fatty streaks- collection of foam cells
Plaque formation- foam cell necrosis
Plaque rupture causes tissue ischemia

Question 2

Cardiac biomarkers aim

Answer 2

To identify individuals who could benefit from treatments to decrease CVD risk

Question 3

Two ways risk stratification can be improved

Answer 3

Using additional biomarkers
Improving risk score calculators

Question 4

Use of CRP biomarkers

Answer 4

CRP is used to identify inflammation

Question 5

Three features for an ideal biomarker

Answer 5

High tissue concentration
Rapid release into circulation
Moderate half life
Stable
Tissue specific

Question 6

Three biomarkers of myocardial damage

Answer 6

AST- aspartame amino transferase
LDH- lactate dehydrogenase
CK- creatinine kinase

Question 7

Function of Troponin

Answer 7

Regulate muscle contraction

Question 8

Three causes of raised troponin

Answer 8

MI
Aortic dissection
Myocardial injury

Question 9

Define type 1 MI

Answer 9

Plaque rupture

Question 10

Three causes of type two MI

Answer 10

Vasospasm
Fixed Atherosclerosis
Supply and demand imbalance

Question 11

When is B natriuretic peptide used

Answer 11

Rule out test for chronic heart failure