Venous return, control of BP and blood flow, Hormonal regulation

Question 1

Venous return is the

Answer 1

e volume of blood flowing back to the
heart through the systemic veins

Question 2

Venous return is assisted by:

Answer 2

• Valves
• Respiratory pump
• Skeletal muscle pump

Question 3

contains a cardiovascular center, which is a group of neurons that regulate heart rate, contractility, and blood vessel diameter

Answer 3

medulla oblongata

Question 4

Baroreceptors

Answer 4

e important pressure-sensitive
sensory neurons that monitor stretching of the walls
of blood vessels and the atria

Question 5

Cardiac output: Hormone

Answer 5

norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 6

Vasoconstriction hormones

Answer 6

Angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone
(ADH), norepinephrine,* epinephrine.†

*Acts at α1
receptors in arterioles of the abdomen and skin.

† Acts at β2
receptors in arterioles of cardiac and skeletal muscle;
norepinephrine has a much smaller vasodilating effect.

Question 7

Vasodilation hormones:

Answer 7

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),
epinephrine,† nitric oxide.

Question 8

Blood volume
increase: hormones and effect on BP

Answer 8

aldosterone, antidiuretic
hormone

• Increase

Question 9

Blood volume decreases; Hormone involved and effect on blood pressure

Answer 9

Atrial natriuretic peptide
- decrease

Question 10

What is autoregulation?

Answer 10

the ability of a tissue to automatically adjust its own blood flow to match its metabolic demand for delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of wastes

Question 11

What can lead to autoregulation?

Answer 11

Physical and chemical stimuli can lead to
autoregulation