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Venous Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Increase pressure gradient = INCREASE/DECREASE volume flow

A

increase

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2
Q

Increase resistance = INCREASE/DECREASE volume flow

A

decrease

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3
Q

What is venous compliance?

A

the ability to handle large changes in volume without greatly affecting the pressure

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4
Q

Why can veins expand to accommodate more volume?

A

veins have thinner media (medial layer)

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5
Q

What is the word to describe…

A) pressure inside the vein?
B) outside the vein?
C) difference from pressure on outside and inside?

A

A) intraluminal
B) interstitial
C) transmural

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6
Q

Increase volume = DECREASE/INCREASE transmural pressure

A

increase (circular shape)

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7
Q

Decrease volume = DECREASE/INCREASE transmural pressure

A

decrease (elliptical shape)

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8
Q

Increase pressure (circular), less resistance in vein allows for _____.

A

emptying

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9
Q

Decrease pressure (ellipsical), higher resistance in vein allows for _____.

A

filling

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10
Q

What helps create pressure gradient for flow into abdomen (for LE) or chest (for UE)?

A

respiration

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11
Q

What happens during Inspiration?

  • abd pressure?
  • thoracic pressure?
  • flow from LE?
  • flow from UE?
A
  • increased abdominal pressure
  • decrease thoracic pressure
  • flow from LE stops
  • flow from UE flows into chest
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12
Q

What happens during Expiration?

  • abd pressure?
  • thoracic pressure?
  • flow from LE?
  • flow from UE?
A
  • decreased abdominal pressure
  • increased thoracic pressure
  • flow from LE flows into abdomen
  • flow from UE stops
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13
Q

What are veins doing when they are not flowing/emptying?

A

they are filling

filling = inc volume = inc pressure

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14
Q

What is the purpose of valsalva maneuver?

A

stops all venous flow to check for venous reflux

this maneuver increases both abdomen and chest pressures

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15
Q

How can valsalva maneuver prove venous reflux?

A

After release of valsalva, the venous flow should augment. If there is augmentation of flow DURING maneuver, then it indicates reflux flow.

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16
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure of the ankle while patient supine?

17
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure of the ankle while patient standing?

18
Q

The calf muscle pump is also known as what?

A

venous heart

19
Q

What is the purpose of calf muscle pump?

A

to propel/eject blood up towards the heart

20
Q

The calf muscle pump only work in what condition?

A

only works if valves are competent (unidirectional flow)

21
Q

What happens to the venous sinuses during relaxation? during contraction?

A
  • during relaxation: filling
  • during contraction: emptying
22
Q

Valves in superficial and perforators normally should close during RELAXATION/CONTRACTION?

A

contraction

23
Q

What does it mean to have an effective calf pump?

  • % from calf
  • venous return to heart
  • venous pooling
  • venous volume
  • venous pressure
A
  • > 60% blood ejected from calf
  • increased venous return to heart
  • decreases venous pooling
  • decreases venous volume
  • decreases venous pressure
24
Q

What does it mean to have an ineffective calf pump?

  • valves
  • venous pooling
  • venous volume
  • venous pressure
  • hypertension
A
  • incompetent valves
  • increased venous pooling
  • increases venous volume
  • increases venous pressure
  • venous hypertension
25
Q

What is venous hypertension?

A

any abnormal increase in venous pressure due to high venous volume

ex: obstructive disease, valvular incompetence, or any reason that’s going to prevent the venous blood from successfully leaving the limb is going to have increase venous volume and therefore venous hypertension

26
Q

What happens normally to upper extremity venous return during expiration?
A. halts
B. flows
C. augments
D. no change

27
Q

What is the result of the ineffective calf muscle pump?
A. venous hypotension
B. reduced venous filling
C. increased venous pressure
D. decreased venous volume

A

C. increased venous pressure

28
Q

What effect on the transmural pressure occurs during normal venous filling?
A. increases
B. decreases
C. unchanged
D. flattens

A

A. increases

filling = increase volume = circular shape

29
Q

What is a normal result to peripheral venous flow during a valsalva maneuver?
A. venous hypertension
B. venous flow halts
C. venous flow augments
D. decreased venous pressure

A

B. venous flow halts

30
Q

What happens during activation of an effective calf muscle pump?
A. decreased venous volume and increased venous pressure
B. increased venous volume and increased venous pressure
C. decreased venous volume and decreased venous pressure
D. increased venous volume and decreased venous pressure

A

C. decreased venous volume and decreased venous pressure

Venous (2 decks)

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