Venous Anatomy Flashcards
Veins never _____, they form ______.
bifurcate, confluences
Veins always flow UP/DOWN into the next vessel.
up
What is the difference between deep veins and superficial veins?
deep veins accompany arteries, (meaning along with an artery there will be a deep vein)
ex: cephalic vein is not a deep vein, so it doesn’t have an artery alongside
In the calf, we have something called “venae comitantes”, what is that?
venae comitantes = corresponding veins (paired deep vein, the 2 veins surround 1 artery)
ex: all calf veins PTV, ATV, PER, and Brachial
Where does PTV and PER drain into?
tibeoperoneal trunk
TP trunk and ATVs join to form which vein?
popliteal vein
Popliteal vein becomes the Femoral vein at which point?
Hunters Canal
FV and DFV join together to form which vein?
CFV
CFV terminates when it drains into the EIV at which point?
inguinal canal
External Iliac Vein (EIV) and Internal Iliac Vein (IIV) empty the blood into which vein?
Common Iliac Vein (CIV)
IVC is formed by the confluence of which vessels?
Rt CIV and Lt CIV
Where does the popliteal vein originate?
the confluence of ATV and TP trunk
Where does the popliteal vein terminate?
Hunter’s canal
Where does the common femoral vein (CFV) originate?
the confluence of FV and DFV
Where does the common femoral vein (CFV) terminate?
inguinal ligament
Superficial veins locate where in the body?
located between the fascial layers within the subcutaneous fat
What are the superficial vein in LE?
GSV, SSV
What is the name of the longest vein in the body?
great saphenous vein (GSV)
The GSV drains into which vessel, at what point?
it drains into the CFV at Saphenofemoral junction
The SSV drains into which vein?
popliteal vein
What is the purpose of the Perforators (perforatoring vein)?
- connect superficial veins to deep veins
- used in connection with the calf muscle pump
Most of the perforators veins are found where?
below the calf, superior to medial malleolus (connecting post accessory GSV to posterior tibs)
What is another name for below the calf, superior to medial malleolus where the perforators veins are most found?
gaiter zone
What are communicating vein?
veins that connect vessels of the same system
ex: superficial to superficial, deep to deep
What are venous sinuses (soleal sinuses)?
little pockets or potential reservoirs/channels that will allow the blood to accumulate inside the calf muscle and during calf contraction, it pushes or ejects the blood into the PER and PTV
Soleal sinuses (venous sinuses) drains into …
deep calf veins
Perforating veins drain blood from _______ vein to _______ vein.
superficial vein to deep vein
SSV drains blood into …
popliteal vein
GSV drains blood into …
CFV
Where does the IVC orginate?
the confluence of Rt CIV and Lt CIV
Rt Renal Vein and Lt Renal Vein drain blood into …
IVC
Hepatic veins drain blood from _____ and that blood drain into _____
- drain from liver
- drain into IVC
The IVC terminates at which point?
Rt atrium
What are the venae comitantes in upper extremities?
radial, ulnar, brachial
What are the superficial veins in upper extremities?
cephalic, basilic
Radial vein and ulnar vein drain into which vein?
brachial vein
Which vein is formed at the confluence of brachial vein and basilic vein?
axillary vein
Where does the subclavian vein originate?
at the confluence of cephalic and axillary vein
Which 2 veins join together to form the innominate vein?
subclavian vein and IJV
What is the anatomy difference between arterial and venous?
venous has Lt & Rt innominate veins, while arterial only has Rt innominate artery
When does the Lt subclavian vein terminate?
at the Lt innominate vein
What are the 3 layers of the vein?
intima, media, adventitia
What is the difference between vein layers and artery layers?
the medial layer (media) of the vein is thinner than artery, that’s why vein is collapsible and artery is not
What type of valve does vein have?
bicuspid valve (extension of intimal layer)
What is the purpose of venous valves?
prevent backflow and maintain unidirectional flow (fight against gravity)
Since the gravity or the hydrostatic pressure would be greatest closest to the ankle, we have the most ________ in calf veins.
valves
The number of valves DECREASE/INCREASE as it gets close to abdomen.
DECREASE
How many valves are found in veins in chest and abdomen?
no valves
ex: IVC, SVC iliac veins, etc
Arms have how many valve per vein?
1 per vein
Perforators have how many valve?
at least 1
What forms the confluence of the IVC?
A. hepatic veins
B. renal veins
C. common iliac veins
D. right atrium
C. common iliac veins
In which vessel does blood flow from the cephalic vein?
A. axillary vein
B. innominate vein
C. brachial vein
D. jugular vein
B. innominate vein
Which vessel contains no valves?
A. common femoral vein
B. perforating veins
C. axillary vein
D. superior vena cava
D. superior vena cava
- most valves = most distal
- chest/abdomen = no valves
Where does the popliteal vein originate?
A. confluence of the ATV and TP trunk
B. Hunter’s canal
C. confluence of the PTV and peroneal
D. distal femoral vein
A. confluence of the ATV and TP trunk
Where does the common femoral vein terminate?
A. deep femoral vein and femoral vein
B. inferior vena cava
C. external iliac vein
D. saphenofemoral junction
C. external iliac vein
