Venous Gross Anatomy

Question 1

The paired peroneals empty what portion of the leg?

Answer 1

lateral leg

Question 2

The paired posterior tibial veins empties what portion of the leg?

Answer 2

back of leg

Question 3

The paired anterior tibial veins empty what portion of the leg?

Answer 3

front of leg

Question 4

The popliteal vein is formed by what two veins?

Answer 4

ATV and tib-peroneal trunk

Question 5

The femoral vein becomes the FV where?

Answer 5

when it passes through the adductor hiatus in the lower thigh

Question 6

The common femoral vein is formed by the joining of what two veins?

Answer 6

FV and deep femoral

Question 7

The common femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein where?

Answer 7

inguinal ligament

Question 8

What vein is formed by the confluence of the EIV and IIV?

Answer 8

common iliac vein

Question 9

The lt common iliac vein passes under the right common iliac artery, extrinsic compression may be evident. This pressure point may account for left sided DVT. Also known as what?

Answer 9

May-Thurner syndrome

Question 10

The IVC branches commonly where?

Answer 10

5th lumbar vertebra

Question 11

The small saphenous vein ascends to join where?

Answer 11

the back of the calf joining the popliteal vein

Question 12

What is the longest vein in the body originating on dorsum of the foot and travels medially to the groin?

Answer 12

greater saphenous vein

Question 13

What carries blood from the superficial veins into the deep veins?

Answer 13

perforators

Question 14

What has three ankle perforators and plays a major role in development of venous stasis ulcers?

Answer 14

posterior arch veins

Question 15

What has an important lateral perforating branch?

Answer 15

SSV

Question 16

What are the perforators of the GSV?

Answer 16

Cockett’s I, II, III, are the ankle perforators (off the posterior arch)
Sherman’s and Boyd’s are the knee
Dodd’s and Hunterian are the thigh

Question 17

Intracranial venous sinuses?

Answer 17

Spaces between the dura mater and periosteum that drain blood into the IJV

Question 18

Lower extremity sinuses?

Answer 18

a) dilated channels in soleal and gastrocnemius muscles
b) drains blood into the PTV and PerV
c) major part of calf-muscle pump

Question 19

What veins drain the lateral hand and forearm?

Answer 19

radial veins

Question 20

The axillary vein is formed by the confluence of what veins?

Answer 20

brachial and basilic

Question 21

The subclavian is formed by the confluence of what veins?

Answer 21

axillary and cephalic

Question 22

Innominate vein is formed by what two veins?

Answer 22

subclavian and internal jugular

AKA brachialcephalic

Question 23

The right and left innominate veins come together to form what?

Answer 23

the superior vena cava

Question 24

What vein empties the medial aspect of the arm and can be harvested for arterial bypass conduit?

Answer 24

basilic

formed by the digital veins

Question 25

Empties the lateral aspect of the arm and can be harvested for arterial bypass conduit?

Answer 25

cephalic vein | formed by digital veins

Question 26

What carries blood into sinusoids of the liver with hepato-petal flow and carries approx 80% of blood flow to the liver?

Answer 26

portal vein

Question 27

What vein is formed by the superior mesenteric and splenic veins and drains abd part of digestive tract, pancreas, spleen, and gallbladder?

Answer 27

portal vein

Question 28

What vein carries blood away from the liver with hepato-fugal flow?

Answer 28

hepatic veins

Question 29

Contraction of smooth muscle cells referred to as veno-motor tone, can occur in response to stimulation of the nervous system how?

Answer 29

temperature, exercise, stress, and trauma

Question 30

Valves of lower extremities are more susceptible to disease secondary to the effects of what?

Answer 30

venous thrombosis | increased ambulatory venous pressure from gravity, increased intrabdominal pressure and/or venous obstruction

Question 31

Veins without valves?

Answer 31

- soleal sinuses - common iliac and internal iliac - innominate - superior and inferior vena cava

Question 32

Veins with valves and the number of valves?

Answer 32

- GSV 12 valves, most below the knee - small saphenous 6 to 12 - each perforators contain a valve - infrapopliteal 7 to 12 valves - popliteal and femoral 1 to 3 - external iliac valves 25% of the time - common femoral 1 - jugular 1 - basilic and cephalic - variable number in UE deep veins

Question 33

What is similar about peripheral venous and arterial?

Answer 33

resistance

Question 34

True or false, arteries and veins carry the same amount of blood?

Answer 34

true

Question 35

What vein shape offers more flow resistance, circular or flattened?

Answer 35

flattened

Question 36

The extra-pulmonary veins carry about how much of the blood in the body?

Answer 36

2/3's

Question 37

When distended, the cross-sectional area of the vein is about how much bigger than the corresponding artery?

Answer 37

3-4 times

Question 38

The pressure of the veins is determined by the pressure within the vein versus pressure outside the vein, which is what type of pressure?

Answer 38

transmural or distended presssure

Question 39

Low transmural pressure results in what type of vein shape?

Answer 39

low blood volume results in dumbbell shape

Question 40

What type of pressure is equivalent to the weight of a column of blood pressing against the vessels of the body?

Answer 40

hydrostatic pressure | uses the heart as a reference point

Question 41

HP=pgh means what?

Answer 41

``` p= specific gravity of blood g= acceleration due to gravity h= distance from the heart ```

Question 42

when a patient is supine, the HP exerted on the veins and arteries is what?

Answer 42

zero

Question 43

When a patient is standing, what is the HP?

Answer 43

gradually increases from level to level down the body reaching 100 mmHg at the ankle Ankle pressure = circulatory pressure + 100 mmHg

Question 44

When a body part is above the heart, the HP is what?

Answer 44

measured less than circulatory minimum is 0 mmHg dues to vessel collapse Arm P = circulatory P - 50 mmHg

Question 45

What is the process of the calf muscle pump?

Answer 45

a) blood moves from superficial system to deep system b) competent valves prevent reflux c) venous volume and pressure decreases d) venous return to heart increases

Question 46

What is the result when the calf muscle pump is ineffective?

Answer 46

a) incompetent valves causes reflux b) venous volume and pressure increases c( results in venous pooling and ambulatory venous hypertension

Question 47

What percentage of blood in the legs is forced toward the heart after one calf muscle pump?

Answer 47

>60%

Question 48

What is the result of inspiration?

Answer 48

a) decreased in intra-thoracic pressure b) increases blood flow from upper extremities c) increases in intra-abdominal pressure d) decreases blood flow from lower extremities

Question 49

What is the result of exhalation?

Answer 49

a) increases in intra-thoracic pressure b) decreases blood flow from upper extremities c) decreases in intra-abdominal pressure d) increases blood flow from lower extremities

Question 50

What is the result of the valsalva maneuver?

Answer 50

a) patient takes in deep breath and holds it, then bears down b) intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure increases significantly c) all venous return halted d) this maneuver equates with proximal compression while preforming Doppler assessment of the lower extremities