Cerebrovascular Gross anatomy Flashcards
What artery arises from ophthalmic artery, exits orbit medially to supply mid-forehead, joins ECA via some of its branches
frontal artery
The majority of blood flows into which portion of the carotid, internal or external?
internal
distributes blood to low-resistance vascular beds
Where does the ICA terminate?
middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery
What branch of the carotid has eight major branches, the first branch is usually the superior thyroid artery?
external carotid artery
distributes blood to high-resistance vascular beds
Formed by confluence of vertebral arteries, divides into posterior cerebral arteries?
basilar artery
The internal carotid travels into the base of the skull, intracranial branches are?
Ophthalmic artery: originates near carotid siphon, a significate curve in the ICA
Posterior communicating artery
What is the largest intra-arterial connection?
circle of willis
Blood flow must change direction as the flowstream narrows entering the stenosis and enlarges as it exits. What causes energy loss through inertia?
Eddy currents, turbulence, and vortices
What arteries in the circle of willis?
Distal internal carotid, anterior cerebral arteries joined together by the anterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral arteries joined together by the posterior communicating arteries.
What are the important anastomoses?
a) ECA-ICA connections via orbital and ophthalmic arteries
b) occipital branch of ECA with atlantic branch of vertebral
c) deep cervical and ascending cervical branches of subclavian to branches of lower vertebral artery
First branch off the subclavian artery, unite after entering skull to form basilar artery?
vertebral
rt usually smaller than lt
What artery arise from ophthalmic artery, travels anteriorly and superiorly to the globe, joins ECA via some of its branches
supraorbital artery
What is an atheromatous plaque complicated lesion?
a fibrous plaque that includes fibrous tissue, more collagen, calcium, and cellular debris
What results because velocity and area are inversely proportional, acceleration causes increased energy losses?
velocity acceleration
Total fluid energy along a streamline of fluid flow is constant?
bernoulli principle
Transient ischemic attack?
A fleeting neurological dysfunction, symptoms last less than 24 hours, and usually embolic from heart or carotid artery
Transient symptoms?
transient ischemic attack
vertebral basilar insuffficiency
Permanent symptoms: cerebrovascular accident
symptoms last more than 24 hours
complete recovery does not occur
A form of arteriosclerosis; localized accumulations of lipid-containing material (atheroma), smooth muscle cells, collagen, fibrin and platelets
atheromatous
Most commonly caused by dysplasia of media along with overgrowth of collagen, bead-like appearance, and seen often in women?
fibromuscular dysplasia
Formed within or beneath the intima, causing thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls?
atherosclerosis
can result in decreased perfusion to brain
Fibrous plaque atheromatous plaque?
accumulation of lipids, collagen and elastic fibers
Large amounts of red blood cells trapped within a fibrin network, clumps of platelets may be evident?
thrombus
Where is an aneurysm rarely seen?
cervical carotid artery
