Venous Drainage of the Brain and Dural Sinuses Flashcards
How do we classify the Veins?
1) Superficial Cerebral veins (drain directly into sinuses)
2) Deep Cerebral Veins (Drain into the Great Cerebral Vein)
Classification of Superficial Veins?
1) Superior Superficial Cerebral Veins - gathers blood from the Frontal and Parietal Lobe and drains directly into the superior sagittal sinus
2)Inferior Superficial Cerebral Veins - Collect Blood from the Temporal Lobe and Basal part of the Occipital Lobe.
They drain into Transverse sinus and Superior Petrosal Sinus.
What is the most Prominent “Inferior Superficial Cerebral Vein”?
- The most prominent is the Superior Middle Cerebral Vein.
- It lies in the lateral sulcus and drains that region into the Cavernous Sinus.
Anastamosises between the Superior and Inferior Superficial Veins
There are two.
1) Trolards Vein (Superior Anastomatic Vein)
2) Inferior Anastomatic Vein/
- Joins the Superficial Middle Cerebral vein with the Transverse sinus.
Where do the Deep Cerebral Veins drain into?
The Deep Cerebral Veins drain into the Great Cerebral Veins.
1) What forms the Great Cerebral Vein?
2) Path taken by the Great Cerebral Vein?
1) It is formed by the merging of 4 veins//
- 2 Basal Veins and 2 Internal Cerebral Veins.
2) The Great Cerebral Vein passes caudally between the Pineal Gland and the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum.
- It then merges with the Inferior Saggital Sinus to form the Straight Sinus.
Where do we find the 2 Basal Veins?
The 2 Basal Veins are found emerging from the Area near the Optic Chiasm. They then wind around the Midbrain to the back of the Midbrain.
Which Veins form the Basal Veins?
The Basal Veins are formed by the merging of 3 veins.
1) Anterior Cerebral Vein//
- Recieves blood from the Anterior 2/3 of the Corpus Callosum.
- It moves with the Anterior Cerebral Artery.
2) Deep Middle Cerebral Veins//
- Found in the Insular Area.
- Recieves veins from the Lentiform Nucleus.
3) Interpeduncular Veins.
Where do the Internal Cerebral Veins arise from?
Near the Interventricular Foramen.
What Veins join up to form the Internal Cerebral Veins?
The Internal Cerebral Veins are made up by three veins.
1) Superior Thalamostriate Vein//
- Runs in the Terminal Sulcus btw the Caudate Nucleus and the Thalamus.
2) Vein of the Septum Pellicudum
3) Choroid Vein//
- Runs with the Choroid Plexus to the Inferior Horn of the Lateral Ventricle.
Where do the Veins draining the Superior Surface of the Cerebellum Drain into?
- Transverse Sinus
- Straight Sinus
- Superior Petrosal Sinus
Where do the Veins draining the Inferior Surface of the Cerebellum drain into?
- Occipital Sinus
- Inferior Petrosal Sinus
- Right and Left Sigmoidal Sinus
Where do the Veins draining the Midbrain drain into?
Either:
-Great Cerebral Vein or Basal Vein
Where do the Veins draining the Pons and Medulla drain into?
- Superior Petrosal Sinus
- Inferior Petrosal Sinus
- Occiptal Sinus
- Transverse Sinus
What are Dural Sinuses?
- Endothelial lined spaces between the Periosteal and Meningeal layer of the Dura Mater.
- They are valveless and recieve blood from the brain via Bridging veins.
- They also recieve blood from Scalp via “Emissary Veins” which connect Diploic veins with the sinuses.
- They also recieve CSF fluid which re-enters the sinus through Arachnoid Granulations found in the Lateral Lacunae.
- They ultimately drain into the Internal Jugular Vein.
Name all the Dural Sinuses.
1) Superior Sagittal Sinus
2) Inferior Sagittal Sinus
3) Transverse Sinus
4) Occipital Sinus
5) Straight Sinus
6) Confluence Sinus
7) Superior Petrosal Sinus
8) Inferior Petrosal Sinus
9) Sigmoid Sinus
10) Cavernous Sinus
1) Where is the Superior Sagittal Sinus?
2) What does it recieve and where does it go?
1) The Superior Sagittal Sinus runs from the Crista Galli to the Internal Occipital Proturbance. It is located in the Superior border of the Falx Cerebri.
2) It recieves blood from the Superior Cerebral Veins and goes to the Confluence Sinus.
Describe the Inferior Sagittal Sinus.
1) The Inferior Sagittal Sinus is found in the lower free margin of the Falx Cerebri.
2) It joins up with the Great Cerebral Vein to form the Straight Gyrus.
Describe the Straight Sinus.
- It is formed by the union of the Great Cerebral Vein and the Inferior Sagittal Sinus.
- It runs along the Attachment between the Tentorium Cerebelli and the Falx Cerebri to the Confluence of Sinuses.
Describe the Transverse Sinus.
- The Transverse Sinus runs laterally from the Confluence of Sinuses.
- It will then form the Sigmoid Sinus.
- It recieves the Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses.
Describe the Sigmoid Sinus.
-Passes through the Posterior Part of the Jugular Foramen to become continuous with the Internal Jugular Vein.
Describe the Occipital Sinus.
-This lies in the cerebelli Falx border.
Where is the Cavernous Sinus and what is the relationship between both of them?
- The Cavernous Sinuses are found on either side of the Sella Turica.
- They are in communication with each other via the “Inter-Cavernous Sinuses”. There is an anterior and posterior one.
Where does the Cavernous Sinus recieve input from?
1) Superior and Inferior Opthalmic Veins.
2) Sphenoparietal Sinus.
3) Middle Cerebral Vein and Inferior Cerevral Veins.
where does the outflow of the Cavernous Sinus go into?
Outflow from the Cavernous sinus goes to:
1) Superior Petrosal Sinus:
- Goes to the Transverse and Sigmoid Sinus.
2) Inferior Petrosal Sinus:
- Goes to Sigmoid Sinus.
Contents of the Cavernous Sinus?
- Surrounding them is the ICA and the Carotid Sympathetic Plexus.
- Inside we find the Aducent Nerve.
- In the Lateral wall we find the: Occulomotor Nerve, Trochlear Nerve, Opthalmic Nerve, Maxillary Nerve.
