Venous blood gases Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
A
- GI losses - eg V+D
- Renal losses - hyperaldosteronism, tubular transport defects, diuretics
- Intracellular shift - hypokalaemia
2
Q
Anion gap equation and when to use
A
(Na) - (Cl + HCO3)
Use in acidosis to find cause
3
Q
Normal anion gap
A
8-12
4
Q
High anion gap underlying cause of acidosis
A
Due to increased acid
5
Q
Causes of high anion gap
A
- Lactic acidosis - anaerobic exercise, sepsis, organ ischaemia
- Ketoacidosis - diabetic, alcohol abuse, starvation
- Toxins - ethylene glycol, methanol, isoniazid, aspirin, salicyclate
- Renal failure
6
Q
Underlying cause of acidosis if anion gap is normal
A
Acidosis due to reduced alkali
7
Q
Examples of normal anion gap acidosis causes
A
- GI losses of HCO3 - vomitting and diarrhoea
- Renal losses of HCO3 - renal tubular acidosis, Addisons
- Toxins - ammonium chloride, acetazolamide
8
Q
A
