VENOUS

Question 1

veins without valves (8)

Answer 1

-soleal sinus
-external / internal iliac
-common iliac
-inferior vena cava
-subclavian
-innominate
-superior vena cava

Question 2

veins with 1 valve (3)

Answer 2

-common femoral vein
-internal jugular
-axillary vein

Question 3

veins with a variable amount of valves (5)

Answer 3

-caphaloc
-basilic
-brachial
-radial
-ulnar

Question 4

how many valves?
-GSV
-SSV

Answer 4

-GSV 12
-SSV 6-12

Question 5

The weight of the column of blood extending from the heart to the level where the pressure is being measured (formula)

Answer 5

hydrostatic pressure
(HP=pgh)
p- gravity of blood
g- acceleration
h- distance from the heart

Question 6

Hydrostatic pressure in a supine patient vs standing

Answer 6

supine (0 mmHg)
standing (100 mmHg)

Question 7

will hydrostatic pressure decrease is if the extremity is raised above the level of the heart?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

what is happening when venous pressure and venous pooling increases, decreasing venous return to the heart and cardiac output?

Answer 8

incompetent valves

Question 9

In photoplethysmography what is normal VRT?

Answer 9

> 20 seconds
is it is < 20 sec, a tourniquet is applied to rule of the superficial system

Question 10

another name for the gold standard test, contrast venography

Answer 10

phlebography

Question 11

limitations of venography (5)

Answer 11

-technical in technique and interpretation
-expensive
-uncomfortable
-allergic reaction
-radiation

Question 12

where is ascending venography contrast injected

Answer 12

-for LE study, the dorsum of the foot
-for UE study, basilic or cephalic

Question 13

where is descending venogrpahy contrast injected

Answer 13

evaluated LE only, injected into the CFV

Question 14

capabilities of contrast venography

Answer 14

evaluates:
-acute DVT
-congenital disease / anomalies
-chronic venous changes
-can detect and quantify reversed flow