Venketaraman- Innate defenses

Question 1

what transport vesicle is needed to invaginate material during phagocytosis?

Answer 1

clatherin coated pits

Question 2

in oxygen dependent killing can macrophages produce hypochlorite?why?

Answer 2

no. it lacks the myeloperoxidase that neutrophils contain

Question 3

what are examples of oxygen independent killing?

Answer 3

hydrolytic enzymes, lysozyme, lactoferrin, defensins, DNAase, RNAase

Question 4

IFN gamma is produced by CD4+ T cells. But what does it activate?

Answer 4

activates macrophages to produce reactive oxygen intermediates and promote the fusion of phogosome containing microbes with lysosomes

Question 5

what reaction is activated when IFN gamma reacts with iNOS?

Answer 5

conversion of L-arginine to nitric oxide

Question 6

virus infected cells release something in order to produce Protein kinase R in unaffected neighboring cells. The infected cells then result in blocked viral reproduction. What is responsible for this cascade effect?

Answer 6

IFN alpha