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Med Ex > Venipuncture and Injection > Flashcards

Venipuncture and Injection Flashcards

1
Q

how to know which route to use for injection

A
  • listed on bottle on product package insert
  • if not listed vet preference
  • in general cloudy liquid should not be given IV
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2
Q

when to use intradermal

A
  • allergy and disease testing
  • large animal TB testing done on under side of tail
  • Monkey TB testing done on upper eyelids
  • small animals allergy testing done on abdomen
  • used with local anesthetics
  • in cats intrascapular SQ admin should be avoided because of vaccine induced tumors
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3
Q

where should SQ be given

A
  • dorsolateral region preferred in cases of abscess formation
  • small animals is between shoulder blades
  • large animals in side of neck
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4
Q

when and why to use subQ

A
  • easy to administer
  • less painful than IM
  • lower risk of hitting a vessel
  • large amounts due to elasticity of the skin
  • absorbed relatively rapidly unless animal is obeese
  • owners can be taught at home for renal failure
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5
Q

where can IM be given

A
  • hamstring muscle (SMST)
  • tricepts brachii (large muscled breed)
  • quadriceps
  • lumbar muscle (not great for thin animals)
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6
Q

what are the advantages of IM

A
  • absorbed more quickly when administered IM than SQ
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7
Q

disadvantages of IM

A
  • more difficult than SQ
  • more risk of accidently hitting a vessel
  • can only administer small amount -2ml in SMST
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8
Q

wehn might IP be used

A
  • administering anesthetics or euthanasia drugs in lab animals
  • may be used in case of shock if peripheral veins inacessible
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9
Q

risk involved in IP

A
  • blind technique - may hit an internal organ
  • more painful than other techniques
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10
Q

what are jugulars in canine commonly used for

A
  • blood samples (best)
  • indwelling cath
  • injections
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11
Q

what is cephalic used for in dogs

A
  • injections (best), indwelling catheters, blood samples
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12
Q

what is saphenous used for in dogs

A

blood collection, injections, catheterization (more challenging due to curvature of the vein)

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13
Q

what is lingual used for in dogs

A
  • not common
  • hematomas common
  • animal generally anesthetized
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14
Q

what is jugular used for in feline

A
  • blood samples, best for larger vol
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15
Q

what is cephalic used for cats

A
  • blood samples, injections, indwelling cath
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16
Q

what is medial saphenous/femoral used for

A
  • blood samples
  • injections
  • cath
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17
Q

what are other blood samples in feline that can be used

A
  • clip nails: small samples best for birds and reptiles
  • lingual same as dogs
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18
Q

what is jugular used for in bovine

A
  • injections, and blood samples
19
Q

wha is coccygeal used for in blood samples

A
  • common for blood samples and small injections
20
Q

what is milk vein used for in bovine

A
  • injections with caution hematomas common
21
Q

what is jugular used for in equine

A
  • indwelling catheters
  • injections
  • blood samples
22
Q

what is subclavian/cephalic used for in equine

A
  • blood samples (small)
  • injections
  • catheters (difficult to maintain)
23
Q

what is transverse facial used for in equine

A

-blood samples

24
Q

what are routes of IV in pigs

A
  • anterior vena cava/intracardiac - blood samples only when pig deceased
  • ear vein (blood collection, small injections)
  • tail vein (blood collection)
  • milk vein (blood collection)
25
Q

when should u use IV

A
  • irritating drug
  • emmergency drugs
26
Q

disadvantage of IV

A
  • more difficult and harder to perform unassisted
  • if allergic reaction occurs the process is very quick and difficult to reverse
27
Q

when to use IC

A
  • during small animal emergencies or euthanasia
28
Q

advantace of IC

A
  • very fast, very potent
  • can be used in small patients where IV not possible
  • administer emergency meds
29
Q

disadvantage of IC

A
  • painful to animal so should be unconscious or anesthetized
  • dangerous if recovery desired
30
Q

what does aseptic mean

A
  • free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms
31
Q

what is aseptic technique

A
  • means using practices and procedures to prevent contamination from pathogens
  • helps reduce risk of post procedure infection in patients by decreasing the likelihood that microorganisms will enter body during clinical procedures
32
Q

aseptic techniques do some r all of the following

A
  • remove or kill microorganisms from hands and objects
  • use of sterile equipment and instruments
  • prevent contamination of equipment
33
Q

when should we be conscientious with aseptic technique

A
  • unpackaging needle and syringe
  • assembling needle and syringe
  • preparing medication bottle for injection
  • drawing up a medication into syringe
  • recapping needle after drawing up meds
  • preparing region of body for injection
  • when attempting to administer injection
34
Q

veins can be used for

A
  • blood collection
  • indwelling cath
  • injections
35
Q

arteries can be used for

A
  • pulse
  • blood gas sampling
  • catherterization fro blood pressure monitoring
36
Q

what size needle for venipuncture

A
  • no smaller than a 22 guage to prevent hemlysis
  • appropriate syringe based on vol needed
37
Q

what to lable vacutainer

A
  • animal name and number
  • species
    -breed
  • sex
  • age
  • date
  • time of collection
  • group initials
38
Q

what is serum

A
  • no additives may contain a silicone plug to help separation
  • red or tiger top
  • serum= plasma-fibrinogen
  • can keep 48h refrigerated or year frozen
  • DO NOT MIX
39
Q

plasma

A
  • anticoagulant in vaculatiner to prevent clotting
  • lavender or green top
    -plasma contains fibrinogen
  • makes smear immediatly for CBC
  • plasma can be kept for 48h never freeze
  • invert tube at least 8 times
40
Q

common errors in collection

A
  • hemolysis (needle too small, expel blood too forcefully, too much vacuums)
  • clot formation in anticoagulant vacutainer (failure to mix in timely fashion, too long to collect from vessel)
  • animal too excited (increase in WBC and RBC)
  • vacutainer not filled to proper vol (leads to incorrect PVC, diluted by anticoagulant)
  • dirty venipuncture (probing tissue contaminants, needs clogs, patient dirty)
  • start too high on limb (no where to go if hematomas form on first attempt)
  • no pressure on site after withdrawing the needle
41
Q

what drugs should be administered IV because they are irritating to the tissue

A
  • barbiturates
  • carparsolate
  • dextrose solutions
  • some anticancer drugs
42
Q

problems with IV injections

A
  • perivascular injection
  • irritating to skin: kills cells and causes inflamtion, pain, swelling and causes dead tissue to slough
  • to prevent use indweeling catheter - dont inject unless sure you are in the vein
  • stop injecting immediatley
  • infuse area with saline solution 3mls saline with 1 ml lidocaine 2% HCL
43
Q

what does slough mean

A
  • necrotic dead tissue which separates from health tissue and falls off
44
Q

other problems with venipuncture

A
  • anaphylaxis
  • hematoma
    thrombophlebitis (infection and blockage of the vessel, change cath every 3 days)
  • perivascular injections (check cath freq can kink under tape and vet wrap
  • incorrect dose
  • air embolism (air in syringe, gas bubbles entered into the vascular system and can be life threatening )

Med Ex (2 decks)

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