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DRIVER PROMOTION > Vehicle Extrication > Flashcards

Vehicle Extrication Flashcards

1
Q

Most struts use a strap in a ratchet or a jacking device to add tension to the object. This is called

A

Tension Buttress Stabilization

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2
Q

When approaching a vehicle fire, Move in from the at a ______ angle

A

45 degree

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3
Q

Vehicle fire at minimum _____ should be deployed and charged

A

1 1 3/4 charged hoseline

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4
Q

Hydraulic tools may be locked in place by ______ to ensure that it will stay in place

A

removing the hydraulic lines attached to the tool

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5
Q

Full PPE must be worn in the ________

A

warm and hot zone

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6
Q

Staged apparatus and the command post are located the ______ zone… Decon in the _______ zone

A

Cold & Warm zone

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7
Q

Inner survey should take no longer than _______ with 2 vehicle or less

A

45 seconds

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8
Q

The best approach to the vehicle on an inner survey :

Outer survey:

A
  • Front driver side corner of the hood (go clockwise)

- Front side opposite the officer during the inner survey

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9
Q

______ should never be omitted in our role as a public servant

A

Compassion

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10
Q

______ should be completed before any operations begin. At an extrication

A

Inner and outer surveys * Performed by 2 rescuers one walking clockwise and the other counterclockwise

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11
Q

Effective _______ and ________ are important to provide the best level or service.

A

Communication and documentation

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12
Q

Categories of roadway closures:
Minor = time
intermediate =
Major =

A

> 30 mins
30 mins to 2 hrs
2 hrs

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13
Q

ERG provide info on approx _________ different chemicals that may be encountered.

A

4000

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14
Q

It is better to assign crew members tasks enrollee rather that wait till arrival. This will prevent….

A

confusion and freelancing

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15
Q

A tech rescuer should utilize an _____ ______ for on scene time management. Dispatch will notify the IC in 10 min intervals until the scene is mitigated

A

Incident Clock

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16
Q

A basic vehicle extraction involving the assessment , removal, stabilization and packaging of a pt should take no longer than _______ mins.
* This does not include response or transport times

A

20 minutes

* Should be used as a tactical benchmark

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17
Q

Total incident time should be approx _______ for agencies located in urban areas

A

45 mins

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18
Q

_______ goes hand and hand with stabilization. The main objective in stabilization is to __________.

A

Balance.
Gain a balanced footprint by expanding the vehicles base and lowering its center of gravity prior to performing any work on the vehicle.

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19
Q

Hydor Rams generally come in ______, _______, and _______ sizes

A

20, 30, and 60 inches

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20
Q

Consists of short lengths of sturdy timber or composite material usually ______, ______. or _______. In lengths of ________ to ________ inches used to stabilize loads in place.

A

2x2
4x4
6x6
18 to 24 inches

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21
Q

Mechanical tensioning device that uses a ratcheting drum to put tension on a object utilizing a webbing material.
* Not designed to lift

A

Ratchet straps

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22
Q

Class B foam is used for Class B fires ( Flammable liquids). Class B can be divided into 2 categories…

A

Hydrocarbons - gasoline type petroleum based fuels

Polar solvents - alcohol based fuels that will mix with water such as Ethanol or E85.

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23
Q

An AC locater or “ Hot stick” detects the presence of electrical frequencies below….

A

100 Hz

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24
Q

Most common stretchers are :

A

Collapsable
Scoop
Basket -can be used for water rescue

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25
Q

Common lengths of struts are ______ to ______ feet.

Struts can generally support a WLL of ______ to ______ lbs.

A

3 to 8 feet with support pins

WLL 4000 to 8000 lbs

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26
Q

***** This is called Defensive apparatus placement.
Positions apparatus at a ______ to ______ degree angle to the wreckage. Attempt to keep the pump panel facing the accident to keep the DE out of traffic. Make sure wheels face away from the accident in case vehicle is hit.

A

30 to 45

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27
Q

The systemic and continual evaluation of information presented in either visual or audio form.

A

Scene Size up

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28
Q

Inner survey boundaries:

Outer Survey boundaries:

A

5 to 15 ft with the rescuer staying 3 to 5 ft away from the vehicle in a defensive posture

Generally 25 to 50 ft but based on scene could be greater than 100 ft.

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29
Q

Most common Haz Mats that rescuers encounter:

A 
Gasoline
Diesel Fuel
Kerosne
Nitric Acid
Toluene
Acetone
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30
Q

If a streetlight is not on or is several houses don’t have lights on> What should you be thinking?

A

Downed Power lines

** Proceed very slowly

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31
Q

Traffic cones must be _____ in color ______ inches for daytime and low speed roadway.

_____ inches for night or high speed roadways

Cone spacing recommendations _______ ft.

A

Orange

18 inches

28 inches

15 ft

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32
Q

5 directional movement you must consider during stabilization :
pg 177

A 
Horizontal  - forward to rear
Vertical - Up and down
Roll - Side to side
Pitch - front  goes down, rear comes up
Yaw - Twists or turns
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33
Q

5 box cribbing configurations:

Pg 176

A 
2 piece layer crosstie
3 piece layer crosstie
Crosstie platform
Triangle crosstie
Modified crosstie

** 2 piece, 3 piece, crosstie platform are most commonly used

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34
Q

Not all wood is good for cribbing. ______ and _____ are commonly used.

Hardwoods such as _____ is strong but tends to crack under stress.

*** Primary concern is the measurement of applied stress

A

Southern Yellow pine or Douglas fur
(load bearing capacity 6ooo lbs pg 176)

Oak species
* wood is considered elastic

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35
Q

The max stress a board can be subjected to without exceeding the elastic range or proportional limit is known as its ________.

A

Fiber stress at proportional limit rating ( FSPL)

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36
Q

Most basic tool for stabilization:

Made from wood composite or steel

4x4 are cut at various lengths mostly ______ to ______ inches and _____ to _____ feet or longer.

Pg. 175

A

Cribbing

18 to 20 inches

3 to 6 feet or longer

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37
Q

________, _________, and ________ of vehicles after a collision can create challenges for rescuers.

A

size
shape
resting postions

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38
Q

Always approach helicopter from the _______ side.

Approach in a _______ position.

Main rotor blade can dip as low as:

A

Downhill side

Crouched position

4 ft off the ground

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39
Q

Fixed wing transportt is usually for ______ and for distances greater than _______ to _______

A

Interhospital transfers

100 to 150 miles

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40
Q

DOT defines Haz Mat as :

EPA defines HazMat as :
enviromental protection agency

A

Any substance or material in any form or quantity that poses a risk when transport in commerce

Any chemical that, if released into the environment, could be potentially harmful to the public health or welfare.

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41
Q

Never assume a line is dead place cones, snap light or scene tape around it.

Utility companies are programmed to energize the line several times to determine where there is break in the line

A

** Never attempt to throw anything over a down lone to contain or move it

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42
Q
  • Apparatus should be placed a minimum of ________ poles away from a down line or a line with items hanging on them
A

2 poles

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43
Q

More than _______ vehicle in the US use LPG (propane) most of which have spark ignition engines that can operate on propane or gasoline

A

500,000

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44
Q

The point at which all the weight of an object appears to be concentrated

A

Center of gravity

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45
Q

A review of the incident and a way to constructively examine the positives and negatives of the incident

” What if this happens again?”

A

PIA

Post incident analysis

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46
Q

3 basic strategies to remove a pt from under a load:

A

Raise load by lifting

Stabilize the load and lower the ground (dig)

Combine the two approaches

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47
Q

Forms

Extrication activities need to happen:

A

Quickly and methodically

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48
Q

When a person is trapped under a load for long time and muscles cells die, producing toxin that when pressure is released reach the heart

A

Crush injury syndrome

  • One of the more critical injuries of traumas
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49
Q

The compression of nerves, blood vessels, and muscles inside and enclosed space within the body:

A

Compartment syndrom

  • Tissue death due to lack of o2
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50
Q

Farm machine can often be _____ more easily than they can be cut

A

dismantled

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51
Q

You are allowed to ________ mechanism that has entrapped a pt

A

Manually unwind

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52
Q

Allows a tractor to traverse uneven ground while preventing the front end from lifting off the ground

A

Pivot point

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53
Q

All tractor wheels turn:

A

Independently

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54
Q

Allows rescuers to create an anchor point for rigging and stabilization where no other anchors are available.

A

Picket anchor systems

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55
Q

The most critical skill a rescuer can master is:

A

Effective cribbing

3 layer instead of 2 layer cribbing provides 2 1/4 times the lifting capacity

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56
Q

Turning off a trailer ignition may not _______

A

Kill electrical power

*Shutting electrical current off will stop a gas engine. It will not stop a diesel engine

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57
Q

Crush victim should be infused with fluids for _______ before extricated from machinery

  • Allow bystanders to stay at a safe distance
A

1 hour

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58
Q

Hazards at the scene of a tractor overturn include:

A 
Bystanders
Instability
Hazmats
Power
Enviromental condtions
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59
Q

Most states have no __________ when driving tractors

A

age restrictions

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60
Q

Tractors can weigh ________ to over ______ lbs

A

a few hundred lbs to over 60000 lbs

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61
Q

After 1985 all tractors should be equipped with _______ + ________

A

ROPS (Roll bar) and seat belts

  • designed to hold the weight of the tractor for 1 revolution`
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62
Q

_______ over the leading cause of farmer fatalities.

_____ are to provide climate comfort and have to significant support

A

Tractor overturns

Comfort cabs

  • Don’t use for lifting or stability
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63
Q

NIOSH

A

National Institute for occupational health and safety

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64
Q

______ are the main weakness of farms.

The average age of a tractor exceeds ______ yrs

A

30

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65
Q

To kill electrical power to a trailer _______ it is not necessary to ________-

A

Disconnect the electrical wires

Cut the batteries

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66
Q

First step in stabilizing a machine ______ PG 328

Shut off the _______ 1st so no power is transferred to the PTO.

Then stabilize the shaft with a ______ or ______

A

Shutting off power

Engine

Haligan or pry bar

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67
Q

If a person is entangled in a PTO shaft you will have to _______

A

Dissasemble or cut the shaft

  • Do not attempt to unwind the victim
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68
Q

Used to transfer mechanical energy to and through a piece of machinery

The PTO shaft turns ______ to _____ revolutions per min

A

PTO Shaft

540 - 1000 rpms

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69
Q

Farm Equip

Rescuers should never

*Crib compartments before shutting off power. If there is a leak components will settle and move when pressure goes down

A

Use the equipments power to assist with rescueI

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70
Q

If a hydraulic line develops a pin hole size leak the pressure coming out could exceed _____ Psi

A

7000 psi

  • Would tear through rescue gloves
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71
Q

If a tractor stalls _______

Pressure in hydraulic line is normally ______ psi on farm equipment.

A

Power to the tractor is lost

1800 PSI

  • If this happens steering and braking can be lost
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72
Q

Main sources of power in machines will come from

A

Hydraulic power
Mechanical power (PTO)
Electrical Power
Pneumatic power ( air lines)

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73
Q

Machines can have 1 or more power sources. Machines will typically use _______, ______,______

A

Gas powered
Diesel powered
Electrical motors

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74
Q

Farm Equipment

Identifying and stabilizing any immediate ______ energy that could be released when power is shut off.

  • Lock out and tag out. all power sources
A

Stored

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75
Q

The majority of farms are not covered under ________

  • Farmers equipment may not have guards or shield in hazard areas
A

OSHA

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76
Q

Points on a machine where an individual or object may be pulled into the moving parts of the machine.

Ex… clogged corn picker, wood hipper

A

Pull in point

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77
Q

Created when 2 objects move toward each other or when one object moves toward a stationary object.

Ex.. Hitches

A

Crush points

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78
Q

Created when the edge of two objects move toward or next to each other closely enough to cut soft material.

Ex… Harvester

A

Sheer points

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79
Q

Created when a rotating machine component is exposed:

Ex… PTO shaft

A

Wrap points

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80
Q

Created when 2 objects move together with at least one of them moving in a circle

Ex… Feed rolls

A

Pinch point

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81
Q

______ % of farm fatalities involve tractors, and _______% of these are machine related

A

50%

14%

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82
Q

The tow industry offers _______ levels of driver certification.

_______ being the highest

A

3

3

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83
Q

Class C tow truck can lift the trailer while a 2nd smaller tow truck removes the under ridden car. The large tow truck can perform both of these tasks by using a _______.

There are ________ types of tow units

A

snatch block

5

Class A boom rating of 8000 lbs
B of 160000 lbs
C 32000 lbs
D without a boom
E 2 trucks working together
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84
Q

The greatest concern for a tech rescuer responding to a CMV MVA is _________.

The cargo must be _________ before approach or operation can commence

  • This action can be the difference between success and catastrophe
A

Hazardous Material

Immediately identified

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85
Q

Shipping papers must include

A 
ID of shipper
ID of receiver
Hazard class
UN/NA ID number
Packing group number
Total product quantity and weight
24 hr emergency contact
a cert stating the materials listed are present
signature of the shipper stating all regs are met
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86
Q

United Nations / North American ID numbers are used to _______

They are out by ________

A

track hazmats being transported

United nations committee of experts on the transport of dangerous goods

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87
Q

The weight of a single package plus its contents ________

Combines the total weight of all the packages

A

gross weight

Aggregate weight

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88
Q

Diamond shape design that displays the hazardous classification type.

Federal Law says it must be ________

A

Placard

Clearly displayed on both sides and the end of the vehicle

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89
Q

Carry dry bulk goods such as powders pellets fertilizers or grain

Not pressurized

Tanks are V shaped with rounded sides

A

Dry bulk cargo tank

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90
Q

A _______ is considered a bulk package attached to a motor vehicle.

DOT does not view ________ as a cargo tank

Tube trailers carry ______ at _____ to ____ psi

A

Cargo tank

tube trailers

compressed gasses

3000 to 5000 psi
( Hydrogen, oxygen, helium,methane)

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91
Q

_______ is the most common way to transport a Haz Mat

A

Roadway

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92
Q

Hazmats are divided into _______ classifications

A

9

1 explosives
2 gases
3 flammable liquids
4 Flammable solids
5 oxidizing substances or organic peroxides
6 toxic and infectious substances
7 radioactive
8 corrosive
9 Misc Haz mat
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93
Q

Haz Mat regulations are issued by the ________

Which governs the transport of Haz Mats by highway, rail, vessel and air

A

DOT pipeline and Hazmat safety administration

PHMSA

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94
Q

The term hazardous waste includes:

A

Hazardous substances
hazardous waste
marine pollutants
materials with elevated temperatures

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95
Q

There are more than ______ CMV’s dedicated to the transport of Haz mat with _______ shipment of gasoline and _______ shipments of explosives conducted each year by road way travel

A

400,000 CMV’s

18,000,000 gas

125,000 explosives

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96
Q

The hybrid electric commercial motor vehicle utilizes either a _______ or _______ for propulsion

Electric power is generated by an on board __________

A

ICE

Electric motor

8 Electric power is generated by an on board battery pack or regulative braking

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97
Q

Fuel tanks on CMV’s are usually constructed of _______ and when available in ________

Sizes ranging from _________ to ______ gallons

They are located on either side of the frame and are called _________

Tanks are not connected

_______ fuel is most common but ________ is starting to be used cause its cheaper

A

aluminum , steel

50 to 150

Saddle tanks

Diesel

Bio diesel

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98
Q

CMV battery systems consist of _______ or more _______ batteries

Which are hooked up to each other in _______

Positive and negative terminals wired together thus recharging storage capacity

They are usually stored ________

A

4 or more

12 volt DC

Parallel

Underneath the step up

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99
Q
  • Never attempt to engage the brakes by ________ releasing the springs located in the sealed spring chamber
A

Manually

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100
Q

Air brake systems on a tractor connects the trailer by a min of _______ air lines

They are called ______

The couplers that provide air to the braking system are known as _______

A

2
Service line - normally blue
Emergency air line - red

Glad hands

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101
Q

Air compressed by an on board compressor that is run by the vehicles engine.

It stores the compressed air at ______ to _____ psi and auto starts and fills the tanks when psi drops below _______

A

120 to 125 psi

100 psi

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102
Q

There are ______ types of air brakes that make up the braking system on a CMV

A

3

Service brake - Normal brake pedal

Air brake / Parking brake - When vehicle is at a complete stop, system bleeds out compressed air to hold back large springs that release and lock the brakes in place

Emergency brake - Uses a combo of the other 2 brakes when brake failure or air line break occurs

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103
Q

_______ hinges may be hidden on the inside of the door

A

Two piece full / solid hinges

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104
Q

Doors on CMV’s are very similar to conventional door except heavier steel.

The door handle is located _______

The latching mechanism grabs the nader bolt at ________ points

Expose and cut

A

Lower corner of the door

2 points

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105
Q

Tractor have ______ axles

A

3

1 up front to control steering has one wheel on each side

2 in the rear with 2 wheels on each side

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106
Q

______ is a structural component or shaft that is designed for wheel rotation

The three types are:

A

Axle

Live axle - transmit propulsion

Dead axle - used for load support

Lift axle - can be raised or lowered

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107
Q

A _______ is a separate box deck or plate mounted behind the cab in front of the 5th wheel.

It can be used to store products that should be kept away from the load in the cargo area, or to mount a power unit.

A

Dromedary

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108
Q

A stabilizing device called ______ _______ is at the front of the trailer and can be lowered to stabilize the tractor when its not hooked up to the tractor

A

Loading gear

operated by manual hand crank

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109
Q

The cargo trailer of a semi tractor trailer is connected to the tractor by the ________

A

Kingpin

  • The kingpin sits in a flat harsh coupling called a fifth wheel, also called a turntable hitch
  • fifth wheels are a attached to the frame rails of the tractor.
  • The manual release is located the drivers side of the fifth wheel
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110
Q

The GCWR is calculated to determine a CV’s cargo capacity limitations

It stands for ________

A

Gross combined weight rating

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111
Q

To maintain a CMV’s suspension system you can _________ or ________

A

C Class tow truck w/ 2 slings to lift it w/ boom

Position air bags between the frame and the top of the tires

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112
Q

Designed to protect CMV’s cargo and frame system from damage and wear ________

Connects the axles including the wheels to the vehicle

A

Suspension

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113
Q

Makes up the structural framework of the CMV, includes the braking, steering, and suspension. The frame structure is the _______ part of the CMV.

Its constructed of heavy gauge steel 2 parallel beams hold together with crossbeams

A

*Chassis

Strongest

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114
Q

Sleepers are most commonly found in a _______

  • can be added or factory integrated outer shell uses a material known as _______
  • ________ are most effective because of the large span of cutting required
A

Semi truck

Melton

reciprocating saws

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115
Q

Because of the tilt cab design on a COE ( Cab over engine) for safety purposes the cab may need to be ________

A

Secured to the frame before extrication

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116
Q

CT’s are cabs are usually made out of steel, aluminum, and fiberglass

3 different types cab types:

A

Cab over engine ( tilt cabs)
Driver seat is positioned over the front axle

Conventional cab
Driver seat located behind the engine and front axles
* common in the US , Large fuels tanks

Cab beside engine -
Driver sits next to the engine
Mostly shipyards and airports

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117
Q

Anatomy of a commercial truck ( CT)

A

Almost all CT’s have a similar constructions features

Sections include:
Cab
Chassis
Cargo area and drive train and power train

  • The system that transfers rotational power from the engine to the wheels, makes the truck move
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118
Q

CMV’s are classified into _______ categories. And are measured utilizing GVWR and the work duty of the engine as it relates to emissions

A

Classes 1 to 8

Class 1 0 - 6000 lbs
2a F150
2b F250
3 F350
4 F450
5 F550
6 F650
7 F750
8 above 33,000lbs tractor trailer
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119
Q

In the US the ______ implements rules and regs on CMV’s.

NFPA required level ______ techs as well as JPR to perform extrication on CMV’s

A

DOT

Level 2 tech

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120
Q

Cribbing height for box crib should ________

A

not exceed two times it width ( Possibly length)

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121
Q

Procedure for disabling a hybrid bus:

A

Ensure it is not running

Gain entry and turn off the hybrid switch on the dash

Turn off and remove ignition key

Set park brake

Exit bus and turn off battery pack service disconnect which is located on the outside of the battery pack

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122
Q

SB
System that is not commonly found. Utilizes the electric motor by itself to propel the bus and the ICE is only used to regenerate the battery pack.

May be found on a type _______ bus

A

Series operated propulsion system

Type A

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123
Q

Two types of parallel hybrid systems for type C and D school buses

A

Charge depleting hybrid system ( 28 12V DC batterries, yielding 336 DC volts)

Charge sustaining hybrid system uses nickel metal hydride batteries ion 7.2 volt modules yielding 288 DC volts

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124
Q

On a hybrid SB the driver must ________ to engage the system.

Regardless of the propulsion system every SB will have _________

A

Flip a switch

2 or more 12 volt DC batteries on a slide out
Front of bus drivers side

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125
Q

Majority of SB’s utilize ______ fuel

A small portion use _______

  • They also use alternate fuels and propulsion systems like hybrid and fuel cell technology
    ( LNG, CNG)
A

Diesel

Regular unleaded

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126
Q

SB steering wheel relocation:

Utilize a :

A

Small tow truck with a stationary boom. Grab the wire from the boom and wrap it around the steering wheel and retract the boom slowly

  • or come along and chain package
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127
Q

For SB
Position _______ lift bags one on top of the other. With the _______ bag on the bottom close to the pt.

Make sure they are under ________

Inflate the _______ bag first

A

2

Larger

Structural support
( roof bow truss)

Lowest

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128
Q

Use a ______ to push box cribbing under a bus. Never put your body under the bus for any reason

A

a longer section of cribbing

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129
Q

To properly conduct a lift bag operation ________ rescuers will be needed

A

5

1 for pt care
2 cribbing on each side
1 managing controls lift bag controls
OIC directing operation

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130
Q

Lift bag operation on a SB

The key is to ________

“lift an inch ___________”

If sugar sand _________

If you only can fir 1 bag initially ________

A

Always lift evenly from areas with structural support such as roof bow trusses

“crib an inch”

Place large flat solid object underneath bags

Inflate then crib up. Then deflate he bag and another bag and inflate both of them.

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131
Q

Best tools to lift bus:

A

C class tow truck

High or low pressure air bags

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132
Q

To gain entry into the front door of a SB ______

A

Remove 1 of the glass panels and insert a pike pole to grip the lever bar to release the door

  • if the lever doesn’t operate cut it with hydraulic cutters
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133
Q

To create a platform to stand on to operate tools you can _______

A

Cross tie cribbing with a backboard on top

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134
Q
  • Not all school buses are the same. Some may have _______
A

Additional support members like stringers that can be identified by the presence of rivet

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135
Q

Gaining _______ ________ to a SB can be difficult because you have too cut through multiple structural members made of heavy gauge steel

A

Roof access

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136
Q

In a SB :

Removing a section of ________ created a large opening for pt removal

A

sidewall

  • remove 2 sides by side windows
    remove 2 benchseats
    cut off section of sidewall
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137
Q

Best tool for removing bench seats in SB’s:

  • first release seat from sidewall using spreaders
A

Spreaders and cutters

Other tool can be used but that is the best option

  • Cut the seat frame where it is bolted to the floor for best results
  • Don’t use air impact wrench
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138
Q

Storing spreaders

Storing cutters

A

Fully closed then quarter turn back

Tips just touching each other

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139
Q

Before terminating the incident

A

Secure equipment and apparatus, maintain and decor all tools before placing them back on the truck for the next call

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140
Q

NFIRS

A

National Fire Incident Reporting System

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141
Q

Brief summary that analysis of the overall ops and effectiveness of the agency, at a particular incident.

Can be requested by :

Authority having jurisdiction, fire chief, chief of operations

A

After action report

Should cover topics including 
- compliance to SOP, SOG's
Med protocols
staffing
mutual aid
equipment
training
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142
Q

2 types of PIA’s:

A

Formal or informal

Not used to point fingers

If deficiency is found, needs to be corrected as a team

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143
Q

3 goals of CISD:

A

Diffuse the psych impact of traumatic event
Assist with recovery process
Identify individuals who may need further help
* usually last 45 to 60 mins

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144
Q

Structured and Confidential
Group discussion to address emotional, physical and stressful issues related to the event. Occurs within ________ to ______ hrs of the event

A

CISD

12 to 72 hrs

  • Proven to be the most effective and helpful component of CISM
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145
Q

Informal and Confidential

Post incident meeting allowing individuals to express emotions. Should be conducted within 1 to 4 hrs after the incident

A

Defusing
pg350

  • Last longer than 45 mins
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146
Q

Geard toward enhancing natural coping mechanisms and facilitating natural resiliency and recovery from an incident

A

CISM

Critical Incident Stress Management

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147
Q

Negative stress reactors

Cognitive

Behavioral

Emotional

Physical

A

C - Attentions deficit, nightmares, reliving the incident

B - Withdrawal, outburts, drunkness, absenteism

E - Depression, guilt, anger

P - Headaches, dry mouth, high BP

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148
Q

Type of stress that produces a negative response

  • the major contributor to most health issues
A

Distress

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149
Q

Type of stress that produces a positive response in the mind Example Sports

A

Eustress

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150
Q

A normal response to an incident, pleasant or unpleasant.

Not necessarily bad thing

It is out coping mechanism that will determine how ______ effects the body

A

Stress

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151
Q

NFPA for power tools

Maximum hydraulic fluid temp is _______

A

NFPA 1936

!60 degrees F

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152
Q

Power tools must have a _______ feature which returns the control of the tools to the neutral position in the event that the control is released.

Typical force of a spreader _________

A

Dead man

Control

14,000 to 28,000 lbs of force
Spreaders were the first hydraulic tool to be used for rescue

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153
Q

Draws less current than conventional lights

ranges from ______ to _____ lumen per watt

A

LED lights ( light emitting diodes)

80 to 100 lumens

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154
Q

Require a fuel mixture of gas and oil

A

2 stroke engines

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155
Q

All chainsaws in use should be equipped with a _________

A

chain brake

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156
Q

Most commonly operate using a gasoline powered engine and a hydraulic pump

A

Hydraulic tools

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157
Q

Most hydraulic power units operate at _______ or _______ psi. And they utilize a ________ stage pump.

Lower pressure stage building to ______ psi

High pressure stage delivers ______ to ______ PSI

Depending on the unit you are operating

A

5000 to 10500

2 stage pump

3000 psi

5000 to 10500 depending on unit

Use either phosphate ester or mineral base oil.
* Mineral base is less fire resistent

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158
Q

Are electrical enclosures commonly found when the need for multiple outlets is required

A

Junction Boxes

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159
Q

Composed of rubber with synthetic lining. Noticed to stabilize a vehicle by itself. Don’t stack more than 2. Ensure hoses and valves are facing out. Don’t overinflate. When stacking, layer larger bag on the bottom. Only lift as high as necessary

A

Lift Bag

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160
Q

A pneumatic rotating tool used to removed nuts and bolts of various sizes, including those found in hinges seats and wheels. General operating air pressure is 90 psi.

A

Air impact wrench

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161
Q

2 types of winches: Chain hoist , Lever hoist

Chain hoists have a lifting capacity of :

Lever hoist have lifting capacity of:

A

500 to 40,000 lbs

250 to 12,000lbs

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162
Q

Device that only works on tempered glass

A

Spring loaded center punch

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163
Q

Protective gloves should extend no less than ______ inch from the wrist crease

A

1

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164
Q

Categories of tools for vehicle extrication:

Stabilization tool can be as:

A

Hand, pneumatic, hydraulic, electric battery powered, Fuel powered

Hand, pneumatic, and hydraulic

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165
Q

The most common air bags that are mandatory in all vehicle manufactured after 1998

A

Driver and front passenger

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166
Q

A min: explosive device used to ignite the propellent that produces the nitrogen to inflate an airbag

A

Initiator

Ex. Squib

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167
Q

Active restraint device (because the occupant has to activate the system)

Passive retraint device
( the occupant does not have to activate the system)

A

Manual seat belts

Air bags

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168
Q

A type of strut system that comes in a variety of lengths and may be extended by the use of compressed air

A

Air shoring

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169
Q

Tools utilizing air under pressure

Ex. Air chisel, impact wrench

Air is supplied by air compressors, SCBA cylinders, vehicle mounted systems operate at 90 to 250 psi

A

pneumatic tools

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170
Q

A hand operated ratcheted lever winching tool that, when used with chains and hooks can provide several thousand lbs of pulling force. The standard model for extrication provides _________ to ________ of pulling force

A

Come along

2000 to 4000 lbs

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171
Q

Standard on selection, care and maintenance of PPE gear

A

NFPA 1851

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172
Q

Recommended distancing from airbags while attempting a rescue.

Driver side airbag ______
Passenger side airbag ________
Side impact _______

A

10 inches

20 to 25 inches

5 to 15 inches

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173
Q

A gas generation system uses a chemical reaction that provides nitrogen and inflate the airbag at approx ________ MPH taking approx _______ to ______ milliseconds

A

200 to 250 mph

30 to 40 milliseconds

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174
Q

Normally consists of 3 different systems plus a suppression system which uses all of these sensors for automatic deactivation

  • Seat position sensor
  • Seat belt sensor
  • Occupant weight sensor
A

Occupant classisfication system

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175
Q

Crashes are measured in milliseconds with 1000 millisecond equaling 1 second. The entrire crash process takes _______ milliseconds

A

100 to 125 milliseconds

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176
Q

Airbags were invented in the 1980’s. They are also called ________ when used in conjunction with a seatbelt

A

Supplemental restraint system

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177
Q

High pressure lift bags are the most common type for extrication. They operate at _______

Medium pressure bags operate at _____

Low pressure provide a very high lift to right overturned vehicles, they operate at ______

A

100 to 145 psi

15 psi

7 psi

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178
Q

Pneumatic chiseler used to cut hardened steel. They do not create sparks. A high powered chisel can operate in a range of ______ to _______ psi.

  • Always keep 1/2 of the blade showing to avoid burying the tip
A

150 - 225 psi

  • Never operate at 300 psi
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179
Q

The max force that may be applied to an assembly in straight tension.

Rating are embossed on the chain every 12 to 18 inches

Grade 80 to 100 are most utilized

A

WLL

Working load limit

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180
Q

Components that make up an airbag

A 
Airbag
Initiator
Electric control unit
Inflator
Sensors
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181
Q

With the reciprocating saw _______ blades are the best choice for cutting metals found on vehicles length of 6 to 9 inches
TPI 9 -14

TPI = ________

A

Bi metal

Teeth per inch

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182
Q

Which pulling capacity should be _______ times the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle to be pulled

A

1.5 times

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183
Q

Portable and mounted lights typically range from _______ TO ______ watts

A

300 to 1000 watts

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184
Q

Fuel powered chainsaws can cut:

A

Wood
Concrete
light gauge steel

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185
Q

When converted to a vapor LPG will expand ________ times its liquid state

A

270

186
Q

Basic components of a fuel cell vehicle system:

A 
Fuel cell module 
Electric motor
Generator
Hydrogen storage system
Battery pack
187
Q

100% Electric
Emits no air pollutants propelled by electric motors

Does not have a tailpipe because it does not emit exhaust

A

Electric vehicle (EV)
or
Battery electric vehicle(BEV)

Nissan leaf

188
Q

Hybrid electric vehicles are unofficially classified as being _______ or _______ in terms of how they utilize the electric power that is generated

A

Full or mild

189
Q

A vehicle that combines two or more power sources for propulsion, one of which is electric power.

A

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)

190
Q

Invented the first fuel cell in 1839 “father of the fuel cell”

A

Sir William Grove

191
Q

An electro chemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity to power a motor or generator, with the by products of this process being

A

Fuel Cell

192
Q

One of the most abundant elements on earth.
Odorless, colorless, flammable, nontoxic gas

Came into the spotlight after the hindenburg went down

A

Hydrogen

193
Q

______ is best used on bio diesel to suppress vapors

A

Alcohol resistant AFFF

194
Q

Gasoline Flash point

Diesel Flash point

Bio diesel flash point

A
  • 45 degrees F

100 degrees F

199 degrees F

195
Q

Used solely for diesel engines, processed from domestic renewable resources such as plant oil, grease, animal fat, cooking oil and algae

Is not classified as a flammable liquid flash points is 199 degree F

Produces less pollutants than petrol based diesel. Its safe nontoxic and biodegradable

A

Bio diesel

196
Q

Weighs 4.24 lbs per gallon

Mandatory 20 % reduction in product when filling

1.5 x heavier than air

Normally a vapor gas in temps over 44 degrees F

When stand under pressured it is compressed into a liquid state

A

Propane

Vehicle propane tanks we conduct of carbon steel

197
Q

Liquified Petroleum Gas Code

A

NFPA 58

198
Q

Flammability range between 4 to 75 % and its flame burns clear

A

Hydrogen

199
Q

Four elements of a fuel cell

A

Anode
Cathode
electrolyte
catalyst

200
Q

Propanes Flammable range

A

2.15 % to 9.6%

201
Q

Clear plastic material that is very strong and can endure impacts with out breaking. Very pliable on impact. 50% lighter than regular glass.

Ex. Lexan and MaKrolen

  • Supposed to leave it in place, removing the entire section as one
A

Polycarbonate

202
Q

Step by step approach for extrication incidents:

A
  1. Preperation , 2. Response., 3.Arrival and scene size up, 4 Stabilization, 5 Access, 6 Disentanglement, 7 Removal, 8 Transport, 9 Incident termination, 10 Post incident debrief and analysis
203
Q

Is an individual vehicle and its assigned personnel

A

Single resource

204
Q

Are established to divide an incident into physical or geographical areas of operation

A

Divisions

205
Q

Transfer of command at a vehicle extrication should include:

A

Tactical priorities
Action plans
Hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions
Accomplishments
Assessment of effectiveness of operations
current status of resources

206
Q

The application of knowledge, skills, and equipment to safely resolve unique and/ or complex rescue situations

A

Technical rescue

207
Q

What are the different forms of energy?

A

Electrical, mechanical, Heat(thermal), light(radiant), chemical, gravitational, nuclear

208
Q

DOT classifies vehicle based on whether the vehicle transports passengers or commodities

Department of Energy classifies vehicle by size using a __________

A

Cubic feet system and a gross weight system

209
Q

A voltage regulator regulates the flow of electricity coming from the alternator, which keeps the voltage to a safe _______ volts

A

12.5 to 14.5

210
Q

Basic components of a hybrid electrical vehicle:

A

Electric motor
generator
internal combustion engine
battery pack

211
Q

Designed to burn a multitude of petroleum based fuels and alternative fuels

A

Internal combustion engine

212
Q

Also known as propane, is a fossil fuel produced from the processing of natural gas. Propane is the third most widely used fuel source behind gasoline and diesel. Propane is heavier than air. 1.5 time as dense and will sink and pool at the floor level when released into the atmosphere.

A

Liquid petroleum gas (LPG)

213
Q

A fossil fuel primarily comprised of methane that can be utilized as compressed natural gas or liquefies natural gas. It is known as the cleanest burning alternative fuel.

A

Natural gas

214
Q

An alcohol based fuel. Is known as a wood alcohol because it is process from natural wood sources such as tress and yard clippings.
Can also be utilized as Flexfuel ( E85)

A

Methanol

215
Q

Energy policy act of 1992 list “alternative fuel” for vehicles

A

Hydrogen, electricity, biodiesel, LPG, Methanol, Ethanol and natural gas

216
Q

Also known as roof pillars, are designed to add vertical support to the roof structure of the vehicle

Generally labeled A,B and C post

A

Roof posts

217
Q

Uses a shoulder harness that automatically slides or a sell or aluminum track system

A

Automatic seat belt system

218
Q

Designed to pull back and tighten when activated by a collision.
Uses a pyrotechnic propulsion device to engage the retractor gear

A

Pretensioner Seat belt system

219
Q

Stored gas inflators contain a non flammable gas and can range from ______ to ______ PSI

A

3000 to 4500 psi

220
Q

A modern glass that uses both the laminating and tempering process. Used primarily side and rear windows

A

Enhanced protective glass

221
Q

Includes a shoulder and lap belt, known as a 3 point harness system

Uses a retractor gear that locks in place when activated

A

Standard seat belt harness

222
Q

2 door hinge design

A

Leaf system

Full body system

223
Q

Used to hold open hatchback and are hydraulic or gas filled

A

Piston struts

224
Q

Located between the top and bottom hinge. Designed to assist the door in opening and closing can be comprised of hardened steel or other alloy type materials

A

Swing bar

225
Q

Composed of a mixture of various metals and elements

A

Alloyed steel

226
Q

Has the ability to absorb or redirect energy during a collision. Incorporates crumple zones into the front and sometimes its rear

A

Unibody construction

227
Q

Hollow section of metal on both sides of the car. There is very Little structural support in this section

A

Rocker panel

228
Q

Created by heating a layer of clear plastic film between two layers of plate glass

A

Laminated safety glass

229
Q

Type of glass that is heated and the quickly cooled, this gives the glass its strength and resistance to impacts

A

Tempered safety glass

230
Q

Composed of heavy gauge steel and is round in shape with a cap at the end. Designed to hold the door in place. One of the most difficult type of latching mechanism to cut through

A

Nader Bolt

231
Q

Generally smaller gauge steel; which makes it easier to cut through and / or release the latch mechanism of the door

A

U bolt

232
Q

Any attempt to remove or cut this type of glass are not advised

A

Ballistic glass

233
Q

Smart keys should be a minimum of ______ ft away from the vehicle

A

15 ft

234
Q

Most side impact collisions occur at the ______ post

They are often reinforced because of this

A

B

235
Q

Measures the amount of force required to tear a section of steel apart

A

Tensile strength

236
Q

The amount of force that a section of steel can withstand before permanent deformation occurs

A

Yield strength

237
Q

2 frame systems that are commonly used in todays vehicles

A

Body

238
Q

Negative aspect of unibody construction

A

Can be cut in half with a severe collision

239
Q

Bumpers must sustain a collision of ______ MPH without sustaining damage to the vehicle body

A

2.5mph

240
Q

Located on the front top section of the vehicle

Consists of 2 beams located on both sides of the vehicle that hold the load section in place and attach the front wheel strut system to the chassis

A

Upper rail

241
Q

Dashes are reinforced with a steel beam that runs the entire length of the dash

A

Dash bar

242
Q

Located in the center console area where the radio, AC, and other components are located

It is two steel brackets attached to the dash bar

A

Dash brackets

243
Q

Vehicle manufacturers will identify the fuel type using a _________

A

Vehicle Identification badge

244
Q

Gasohol is _______ % ethanol and _______ % gasoline

EPA considers it “substantially similar” to gasoline and is not considered a alternative fuel

A

E10 OR GASOHOL
10% ethanol and 90 % gas

E85 85% ethanol 15% gas

245
Q

Do not use water on a liquid natural gas leak or fire.

Water will cause the liquid to react violently . It will intensify the fire or cause an explosion. You should use _______

A

High expansion foam

or
Dry chem

246
Q

A mechanism for the transfer of energy

A

Work

247
Q

Objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted on by a outside force

A

Newtons first law of motion

248
Q

Motor vehicle collisions are classified traditionally by the area of initial impact

A 
Front
Lateral
Rear end
Rollovers
Rotational (spins)
249
Q

3 collisions that occur during an MVA

A

1 Vehicle impact
2 Occupant impact with vehicle
3 Occupants organs impact solid structures of the body

250
Q

Vehicle travels under an object or Over an object

A

Under ride collisions

Over ride collision

251
Q

A very common cause of fatalities associated with MVA’s

A

Lateral or side impacts

252
Q

Sedan types range in size from _______ to ______

A

85 cubic ft up tp 130 cubic feet

253
Q

ID system composed of a 17 character sequence containing #’s and letters with the exclusion of letters I,O,Q and numbers 1,0 to avoid confusion

A

VIN

254
Q

Recharging stations for electric vehicle operate at

A

120 / 240 volts

255
Q

An electro chemical device that utilizes a catalyst facilitated chem reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity that is then used to power an electric motor

A hybrid system by design that uses a 2 separate power sources as a propulsion mechanism for a vehicle

A

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle

256
Q

Kinetic energy =

A

Mass / 2 x velocity squared

257
Q

Technical specialist initially report to the _______ ______.

Ex. Aviation, enviroment, hazmat

A

Planning section

258
Q

All organizations should be trained at a min to a awareness level in accordance with

A

NFPA 1670

259
Q

The staging manager will report to the …..

A

Operations section chief

or the IC if an ops section chief hasn’t been assigned

260
Q

Is an oral (informal) or written (formal) plan containing general objectives reflecting the overall strategy for managing a incident

A

IAP

Incident Action Plan

261
Q

At a properly run ICS a person should only have ______ direct supervisor

A

1

262
Q

In most situations one person can effectively manage _____ to _____ people with _____ being the optimal number

A

3 to 7

5

In the ICS system the IC receives information from a Max of 5 people

263
Q

Can bypass the COC to correct unsafe acts and stop or suspend unsafe operations

A

Safety Officer

264
Q

Safety officer must be knowledgable in

A

Strategies and tactic
Hazmat
Rescue practices
Department safety rules and regs

265
Q

Are established to divide the incident into functional area of operation

Ex. Med group, search group, rescue group

A

Groups

266
Q

May serve several purposes and many geographical or functional in nature. They are established when the number of divisions or groups exceeds the recommended span of control for the Operations section chief

A

Branches

267
Q

Responsible for the collection, evaluation, dissemination, and use of information and intelligence critical to the incident

One of the most important functions is to look beyond the current operational period and anticipate potential problem.

A

Planning section

268
Q

Is responsible for the accounting and financial aspects of an incident. As well as any legal issues that may arise

A

Finance / Administration

269
Q

Is a group of personnel working without apparatus and led by a leader or boss

A

Crew

270
Q

A group of 5 units of the same type working on a common task or function

A

Strike team

271
Q

An organizational directive that establishes a standard course of action. It produces written guidelines that explain what is expected and required of emergency services personnel while performing their job

A

Standard Operating Procedures

272
Q

How many MVA’s per year since 1998?

A

Average of 6 million

273
Q

The process of removing a trapped victim from a vehicle or machinery

A

Extrication

274
Q

The spreading, cutting, or removal of a vehicle away from trapped or injured victims

A

Disentanglement

275
Q

A step by step process requiring
1 stabilization of the scene
2 stabilization of the vehicle
3 Stabilization of the patient

A

Vehicle extrication

276
Q

A person who applies ADVANCED techniques to perform technical rescue ops.

Commercial or heavy vehicle, complex extrication,

A

Technician Level 2 Rescuer

277
Q

An individual who identifies hazards, uses equipment, and applies limited techniques specified by NFPA 1006 to perform Tech Rescue Ops involving common passenger vehicle and simple small machinery

A

Level 1 Technical rescuer

278
Q

Each of the specialties in NFPA 1670 includes 3 response levels.

A

1 - Awareness Level - Basic competency level that stresses recognition of the basic components of vehicle extrication rather then the actual application of them
2 - Operations level - Identify hazards, use equipment, implement limited techniques, Intermediate level
3 - Technician Level - Apply advance techniques to coordinate, perform and supervise tech rescue incidents

279
Q

Developed to provide guidance on the performance of processes, products, individuals or organizations

A

Standards

280
Q

Standard for FF professional qualifications

Standard for technical rescue Pro qualifications

Standard of Ops and training for tech search and rescue incidents

A

NFPA 1001

1006

1670

281
Q

4 ICS sections

A

Operations, Planning, Logistics, Finance / admin

282
Q

Responsible for the development, direction, and coordination of all tac ops conducted in accordance with the IAP.

A

Operations section

283
Q

The service branch with the logistics section may include….

The support branch may include

A

Supply unit , facilities unit and ground support unit

Communication unit, medical unit, food unit

284
Q

The following units are contained within the finance/ Admin section…

A

Time unit
Procurement unit
Compensation/ claims unit
Cost unit

285
Q

A group of up to 5 single resources of any type

A

Task force

286
Q

The identification of situations or conditions that may injure people or damage property or the enviroment

A

Hazard analysis

287
Q

Seeks to determine whether a organization could establish and maintain the capability and whether the organization could comply with appropriate rules, regulations, laws and standards

A

Organizational Analysis

288
Q

Entails an assessment of the risk to the rescuers compound to the benefits that might result from the rescue

A

Risk benefit Analysis

289
Q

Tracks:

Responders idnetifies, Assignments, locations

A

Accountability system

NFPA 1561

290
Q

Standard of FD occupational Safety and health program

A

NFPA 1500

291
Q

______ are established when the number of resources exceeds the manageable span of control of the IC and the Ops section chief.

A

Divisions, groups and branches

292
Q

Branches are managed by a ______

A

Branch director

293
Q

A fundamental entity of nature that is transferred between parts of a system in the production of physical change within the system and usually regarded as the capacity for doing work

A

Energy

294
Q

Energy can neither be created or destroyed, it can only change from one form to another

A

Law of conservation of energy

295
Q

When dealing with the science of MVA’s ______ _______ is the driving force behind the dynamics of what actually occurs

A

Mechanical Energy

296
Q

_______ technique is used when the impingement of metal on the victim requires a unique mechanism of movement that cannot be completed with a spreader
(impingement of the B post)

A

Cross Ram techniques

A hydraulic ram preferably a telescoping hydraulic ram is the best tool for the job

297
Q

When tunneling use _______ to cut the arms that hinge the trunk

If the trunk uses ______ to assist its movement use ______ to cut those. Cut them closest to the end where they attach to the trunk hinge arms

Expose all metal, remove all lining

A

Hydraulic cutters

Tension rods

Bolt cutters

Much lighter and east to maneuver. If unsuccessful you can use hydraulic cutters.

Air chisel or recipe saw will not work because there is too much movement

298
Q

Tools that should be set up and ready to conduct the tunneling technique

A

Air chisel w/ spare bottles
Recipe saw
Large bolt cutters
Spreader / cutter

299
Q

On a crushed roof with impingement the first step should be ________

A

Raise the roof off of the victim w/ a hydraulic tool before any posts are cut. The metal will be drawn down at the victim as it is cut.

300
Q

When using a ram DO NOT _________

A

Use a 4x4 to widen the footprint for your tips. The 4x4 will roll, break or kickoff under extreme pressure
* However you can use a 4x4 for the butt end

301
Q

Do not use _____ _______ + ________ for cutting impaled objects, they will cause to much movement and torquing of the object

A

Hydraulic cutter
Recipe saw
Hand saw

302
Q

When putting an impaled object operate the tool with ________ and cut ________

A

With 2 hands

as close to the pt as possible

303
Q

Victim Management involves

A

Vehicle entry
Pt packaging
Pt removal

304
Q

5 skin colors

A

Pale, flushed, blue, yellow, normal

305
Q 
Normal pulse rated
Adult- 
Adolescent 12 -18
School age - 6 - 12
Preschool 3 - 6
Toddler 1 -3
Infant 1 month - 1 yr
A 
60 to 100
60 to 100
70- 120
80 - 140
90- 150
100- 160
First number goes up by ten
306
Q

When the come along and chain package is properly applied ______

The properly rated come along for this technique is rated in the _______ to ______ category

A

The rescuer has to complete control over and full movement

The rated handle is designed to bend and fail under a predetermined pressure

2000 to 4000 lb category

307
Q

Non hydraulic dash lift can be completed using

A

Pneumatic air chisel
Recipe saw
Hi lift jack

308
Q

3 ways to move a dash

A

Dash lift
Dash roll
Steering wheel and column relocation( using come along)

  • never use hydraulic tools with a rated chain package to move a steering column. The rescuer cannot control the amount of pressure exerted.
309
Q

How many rescuers will be need to complete a steering column relocation _______

A

2

310
Q

_______ point rescuer system to lift pt on backboard

_____ point system to carry the backboard

A

3

4

311
Q

When done correctly the inner/ outer survey plus to application of a tension buttress system should be completed in under _____ min

A

5

312
Q

______ is usually performed to a vehicle resting on its roof but can be applied to any vehicle resting position where access to the roof and doors are blocked

A

Tunneling

313
Q

Hybrid, fuel cell, and alternative fuel vehicle may have _____ so an alternative method rather than tunneling is recommended

A

High pressure storage fuel tanks and / or battery packs in the trunk

314
Q

To expose the latch of the trunk

  • Do not spread the door completely open. This will cause the whole vehicle to shift and be dangerous. Expose with spreader then use cutters on the latch.
A

Crash the rounded tip of the trunk with the spreaders creating a purchase point. Then spread to expose the latch . Cut latch with cutters

315
Q

The area separated the trunk from the rear passenger compartment

A

Rear dash

Stereo speakers may be mounted here

Best tools are the air chisel and recipe saw combination

316
Q

Tunneling
Remove the rear seats
the remove the front seat backs the best way is to ______

A

Expose the hinges by cutting material with a knife or trauma sheers. Once done cut the hinges with the air chisel or hydraulic cutters

317
Q

Before opening a trunk

A

Determine if anything hazardous or heavy is going to fall out and crash down

318
Q

How many rescuers should be inside a vehicle that is being tunneled?

A

2 if possible
1 to disentangle the to
2pt care

319
Q

In the back seat the ______ is a great anchor point for the bottom of the ram

A

Transmission hump

320
Q

After the impingement of an extremity is relieved form the B post

A

Crib above and below the extremity to maintain the spare created by the ram, prevent the metal from collapsing back onto the extremity

321
Q

A good place to positions the tips of the ram to push the B post out is ______

A

Seat belt harness

  • here is a steel reinforced plate inside the B post being the seat belt harness
322
Q

When an object impales on an occupant, the main objective is to ________

A

Stabilize the object at the entry and exit point.

It will usually need to be cut at the entry and exit point for the pt to be properly extricated

323
Q

During impalement OP position a rescuer inside the vehicle with a _________

A

Water extinguisher

  • In case metal being cut need to be cooled or to extinguish sparks
  • Not usually the case with a circular saw but can be expected with a cut off saw
324
Q

Use ______ and _______ to secure the impaled object once cut.

Remove the pt in a _________ position

A

Pillows with the center cut out and taper

Seated position

325
Q

The relief cut for the dash lift in the fire wall area should be made ______

  • insert cribbing under rocker panel
A

Directly between the top and bottom hinge

  • go through the entire firewall
  • If its a large area use the spreaders to crush it before cutting
326
Q

Dash roll

A

Pushing or rolling the entire front end of the vehicle

  • Hydraulic ram is best option
  • No need for upper rail relief cut
327
Q

Relief cut for the Dash lift should be ________

A

In the upper rail between the strut tower and the dash

  • strut tower is located above the center point above the wheel well. Strongest part in the area of the vehicle
  • The cut created a hinge point
328
Q

Dash Lift technique

A
  • used when a object is on top of the hood or for an undesired type entrapment
  • If you use a dash roll you would set a teepee effect
  • Used when the dash needs to be lifted independently off the front end of the vehicle
  • Requires a relief cut to the upper rail
  • Only lifts the dash on one side of the vehicle
329
Q

One of the first steps in the dash lift is to expose the hood and cut the hinge also look for ______ which could pose a safety hazard

A

Hydraulic piston struts
* to expose insert spreaders where the hood meets the dash and open, insert cutters and cut the hinge. If pistons are present cut the piston where it is attached to the hood. Do not cut the cylinder

330
Q

The _______ technique can be performed with the roof still attached but for best pt access always remove the roof

A

Dash lift technique

* Just remove a small section of A post

331
Q

Best technique to expose the upper rail to make the relief cut

A

Wheel well crush

* Then peel the hood off with the spreaders using the purchase point you located

332
Q

The biggest compilation you can run into during a dash lift is the presence of ________

A

Dash Brackets

  • Will stop dash from lifting
  • Must expose brackets from passenger front compartment expose and cut both brackets
333
Q

Do not cut a steering wheel ring if _______

A

It is still impinging on the pt

  • A ratcheting cutting tool works well on steering wheels
334
Q

Safety of the crew always precludes entering a vehicle that is unsafe

Use the ______ to position airway

A 
Jaw thrust
( in case of spinal trauma)
If pt is in the sitting position put on behind his hand and one hand under the chin to raise the head to a neutral position
335
Q

Unconscious pt check the _______

Conscious pt check the _________

A

Carotid

Radial

336
Q

If you must insert a glove finger in a pats mouth use a _______

A

Bite block

337
Q

If you don’t feel a carotid after ______ to _______ start CPR

A

5 to 10 seconds

338
Q

Triage IDME
Red -
Yellow-
Green- Black

A

Priority, delayed, walking wounded, already dead

339
Q

One of the easiest methods of triage _______

A

Start - Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment

Jump Start

8 yo or 100 loss

340
Q

For gaining door access ( exposing latches) use the __________

For gaining access to hinges ________

A

Vertical spread technique

Wheel well crush technique

341
Q

Cutters should be positioned ______ to the object being cut

A

Perpindicular

Pg 221

342
Q

A vehicle on its side has a _______ center of gravity and a narrow track or base causing it to topple easily

A

High

The goal is to lower it by expanding the vehicles foot print or the area of the vehicle in contact with the ground

343
Q

The goal is to position the struts to form a ________

A

A frame configuration

344
Q

Tools needed for a cross ram techniques

A

Large hydraulic telescoping ram ( extends 50 in or greater)
Assorted cribbing
backboard

345
Q

Normal respiration rates
Adults + adolescents
Children 1 to 12
Infants

A

12 to 20
15 to 30
25 to 50

346
Q

SWOT analysis

Is a self analysis examination model that can be adjusted, adapted, and applied to any situation, incident or project an organization is involved in

A

Strengths, Weaknesses,Oppurtunities, Threats

347
Q

School bus doors open _______
_______in wide
______ in high
Can be operated by ______ or ________

A 
Outward
24
68
Lever bar or air actuated switch
* glass is tempered or laminate tear gasket around glass and push in release it from the frame
348
Q

DOT defines a commercial motor vehicle as a motor vehicle or combo of MV used in commerce to transport passengers or properly if the MV satisfies at least one of the following

A

Has a gross vehicle weight of 26000 lbs including tower until with a GVWR of over 10000lb or more

Designed to transport more than 16 passengers including the driver

Any size if used in the transport of hazardous materials

349
Q

A pedal can be removed using

A

Any power tool or a section of webbing or rope

350
Q

Side removal of a vehicle resting on roof make 2 relief cuts _________

A

1 Completely through the fire wall between the hinges
2 at the bottom of the B post and rocker panel area

  • Using the spreader and a small ram you will be able to lift the vehicle up and create space
351
Q

For a single removal or a vehicle resting on its roof. First cut should be ________

A

Cut through the bottom of window frame ( D ring) on both side. This will release the door from the ground

352
Q

Removing door hinges with air chisel cut the _______ hinge first. On heavy gauge hinges ______ brace the back of the chisel against _______ lean into the gun and apply a _______

A

Bottom
Cut only one hing leaf at a time
Your chest
Slight up and down rocking motion

353
Q

A recip saw with ______ to ______ amps will allow you to cut a wide range of grades and types of steel

Use a ____ inch ______ blade with a TPI rating between ______ and ______

A

11 to 15 amps

9 inch bimetal blade

TPI 9 to 14

Lower TPI will vibrate too much

Higher TPI is not aggressive enough and will dull

354
Q

Don’t cut _____ or ____ with the air chisel

A

Rubber or plastic
the blade will only bounce off of it

  • Always cut at least 2 inches above or below the seat belt bracket
355
Q

Never ______ an air chisel

Pressure should be in the general range of _____ to _____ psi

A

Free fire : can damage tool

150 to 200 psi

356
Q

2 types of air chisel blades ________

A

Panel cutter ir T blade - used for shallow straight cuts on small gauge sheet metal

Flat/ curved blade - cutting medium to heavy gauge steel

357
Q

When cutting a wide C post with an air chisel you must _________

A

Make a pie or inspection cut to peel back the outer metal panel to reveal the inside panel. A air chisel cannot cut a wide C post without first completely this step

358
Q

2 area to cut a roof

A

Cut at the base of the post using the weight of the vehicle. Or cut at the roofline if it is not compromised

359
Q

When cutting a roof with an air chisel check the roof for ________

A

Tensioning or torsion deformities. This will determine the proper angle for the cut.

  • always cut away from these area to avoid getting your tool trapped and jammed by collapsing metal
360
Q

Rub rails:

What gauge? what width? Where are they placed?

A 
16 gauge corrogated metal
inches or more in width 
run entire length of bus (even rear)
Floor line 
Seat cushion line and just under window frame
* BLACK LINES
361
Q

School bus main body frame structure consists of steel sidewall ______ _______ that go from one side bow over the top and back down other side

A

Bow trusses
* support frame of the sb
made of heavier 12 gauge steel

362
Q

Chassis frame of a school bus is a 2 long steel channel beam of _____ to _____ gauge steel

And cross members of ________ gauge steel
Crossmember are normally spaced _______ apart

A

8 to 10 gauge

14 gauge

12 inches

363
Q

FMVSS school bus standards:
Length of bus:
Width of bus:
Inside body height-
aisle width-
Aisle clearance for wheel chair accessibility -
Bus with power ramp or lift aisle width -

A

Not created than 45 ft
Not greater than 102 inches
72 inches or more at least 12 inches at bottom 15 on top of seat
30 in to the closest emergency exit
30 in from the ramp to the emergency exit

364
Q

SB’s are designed to prevent:

The body design is :

A

Prevent overrides

Low to the ground

365
Q

Stabilizing a SB in its normal position -

A

2 1 3/4 lines charged
2 high lift jacks at rear
4 tension struts 2 front 2 rear
Ensure air brake is engaged

366
Q

School bus is any bus carrying a driver and more than ______ passenger for transport to school.
2 classifications for school buses _______ and _______

A

10
small less than 10000 lbs
Large over 10000 lbs

367
Q

2 types of SB glass:

A

Gasket push out type ( can be pushed out)

Beaded mastic type
requires recip say

368
Q

SB have _________
installed to control emissions

It has 3 stages

A

Exhaust after treatment device
Passive, Active, Manual

All performed automatically

369
Q

SB Bench seat have a _____ in tubular frame and _____ outer leg posts only exception is ________ which ________

A

1 inch
2 outer leg posts
Emergency agree seats
The seat section lift up

370
Q

SB emergency roof hatches
Operate from in and outside the vehicle
total opening is ______ inches
not large enough for ________

A

16 1/2 inches

Pt secured to backboard

371
Q 
SB side window exits
\_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_ in high
at least \_\_\_\_\_\_ wide
Slide down to open
They are designed to release the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ remaining hinged only on 1 side
A

9 to 13 high
22 wide
entire frame
* use air chisel and a prying tool to remove

372
Q

SB emergeency exit doors
Swing ______ from _______ to _______
hinges on the ______ side ( when outside)
Several types of hinges

A

Outward from left to right
hinges on the right

Piano type, three bolt, single strap( non exposed)
Maybe on the inside of the bus

373
Q

There are approx ________ buses traveling _______ miles transporting ________ kids to and from school annually

A

474,000
4.3 billion
23,5 million children

374
Q

4 types of buses

A

School bus
transit bus -fixed, scheduled routs, urban geographic areas
Intercity bus - Long distance transport
Charter / tour bus - usually round trip service or for a tour

375
Q

(GVWR)
Gross vehicle weight rating
takes into account

A

cargo
people
fuel
and the vehicle itself

376
Q

No passenger vehicle are subdivided by:

A

Number of axles
number of units
including both power and trailer units

377
Q

Seats are attached to floorboards in ______ or more places

A

4

378
Q

Pedal relocation using webbing
Webbing must be ______ ft long secure the webbing to the pedal and ______
* _______ have to be operational for this to work

A

15ft
Window frame / D ring close to latching mechanism

Door hinges
* Door need to be opened at least 1 inch

379
Q

Never drop the ________ below the pats feel where the brake and accelerator are

Fuel or electric lines could be down there

A

floor plan

380
Q

Recip saw roof removal, vehicle on its side: to increase the speed of this op ________

A

2 recip saws can be used at the same time by 2 rescuers. This can lead to roof removal in 2 to 3 mins

381
Q

Removing the roof of a vehicle on its side utilizing recip saw cut 2 ______ lines just above the roof rail. You must cut the ______ section first

A

Horizontal

Lowest section first to avoid the tool getting stuck due to the roof collapsing on itself

382
Q

When using a recip saw to remove the roof of a vehicle on its side you should use a ______ inch blade rather than the standard 9 inch

A

6 inchh 9 to 14 TPI
Roof top are generally 2 to 3 inches thick
shorted blade will help ensure you don’t hit the victim

383
Q

Before the roof is removed ensure that the ______ have been cut

A

Seatbelts

384
Q

The recip saw will cut through the C post ______

A

Easily

It works better on a wider post

385
Q

Assign _____ rescuers to stabilize both sides of the roof as it is cut

A

2

386
Q

When holding the air chisel 1 hand on the grip and one hand _______

A

Gripping the blade, mid shaft between the tip and collar

* Always keep 1/2 of the blade showing through the entire cut

387
Q

When using a recip saw cut at a _______

A

Downward angle to limit vibration. also keep the shoe of the tool firmly against the object being cut

388
Q

______ give bow trusses members structural support at the roof level
______ gauge steel

A

Stringers * run from front to back

16 gauge steel

389
Q

Because of time and difficulty gaining access through the _______ of a SB should not be attempted. Unless there are no alternatives.

A

Floor

390
Q

Only school bus with wheels in front of the front tires

A

Type D

391
Q

NHTSA -

FMVSS -

A

National Highway safety administration

Federal motor vehicle safety standards

392
Q

Type D school bus

A
  • Transit style
    Stripped chassis is were the outer body is mounted to the bare chase. Entrance in ahead of the front wheels. 80 to 90 person capacity
  • front of the bus is flat
  • 85 to 90% of all buses are type C or D
393
Q

Type C school bus:

Weighs-

A

Known as conventional school bus constructed with a hood and front fender assembly.
Entrance behind the front wheels

Over 21,500 lbs
85 to 90 of buses are type C or D

394
Q

Type B bus

Type B 1 weighs
Type B2 weighs

A

Constructed utilizing a stripped chassis. Entrance door is behind the front wheel well

B1 10,000 lbs or less
B2 over 10,000 lbs

395
Q

Gaining or creating access to a SB will depend heavily on the vehicle _______
The goal is to create a main entry or exit area

A

Resting postion

396
Q

A SB will not usually come to rest on

A

Its roof

397
Q

If you can’t get to the battery of a school bus you can

A

locate the air intake manifold

dischage a 10lb dry chem into it. It will suffocate and shut down the engine

398
Q

To chaulk SB wheels

A

Step cribbing placed upside down in front and behind each tire

399
Q

School bus travel is one of the safest from of travel

approx ______ accident per every 100 million miles traveled

A

0.001

400
Q

Tow truck with articulating boom

A

Class C

401
Q

2 suspension systems found in SB

A

Metal leaf spring

Air ride type sustem

very important to stabilize the air tide type

402
Q

For big incidents

Assign a resource/ staging officer and add a

A

separate response channel for all incoming units

403
Q

Marry SB in

A

4 or more places

404
Q

Front window of a SB is made of

A

Laminated safety glass

405
Q

Greatest concern for a officer at a school bus extrication is _____

The first _____ to _____ mis set the tone for the incident

A

Gaining and maintaining control

10 to 15 mins

406
Q

SB batteries are secured on a _______ position in side the vehicle body located near the _______ of the vehicle on the _____ _____.

There are usually ____ or more _____ batteries connected in a ______ configuration to increase amperage

A 
Pull out sliding tray
Front
Drivers side
2
12 volt DC
Parallel
407
Q

Type D and SB does not have a ______ it will have a _______, and also a door a ______, and also a door in the _____ section of the bus

A

rear exit door

Emergency escape window
middle section

408
Q

In europe commercial vehicles are called a

A

Lorry

409
Q

SB floor deck is composed of

A

14 gauge sheet metal panels

410
Q

Type A school bus

A

Conversion type constructed utilizing a cutaway front section
* with a leftist drivers side door
Type A1 14,5000 or less
Type A 2 14,5000 to 21,500lbs

411
Q

Crash rail

A

Between the floor and seat rub area. Extends entire length of bus.
* Designed to protect student from impact intrusions

412
Q

SB are designed with a _____ construction

The body frame has inner and outer sheet metal panels usually made of _____ to ____ gauge steel.With fiberglass insulation inside measuring _____ to _____

A

Body outer frame
22 to 24 gauge
1 to 1.5 inches

413
Q

Not designed to “cut” metal but to compress it until it reaches its fracture point.

Two types of blades are _____ and ______
Cutting force can range from _____ to _____ psi

A

Hydraulic cutter
Curved or O blde
straight blade

40,000 to 80,000 psi

414
Q

Dr ________ was the creator of the golden hour

A

R adams Cowley

415
Q

3 step process to produce a favorable outcome for vehicle extrication

A

Site operations
Vehicle stabilization
Victim access and management

416
Q

5 primary phases of an incident action plan

A 
1 underdstand the situation
2 establish incident objectives and strategies
3 develop the plan
4 prepare and disseminate the plan
5 evaluate and revise the plan
417
Q

Most apparatus do not carry enough ______ to properly divert traffic safety.

  • Always start from th furthest point and work towards the incident
A

traffic cones

  • PPE must be worn on every MVC
418
Q

Best tool to defalte a tire

A

Stem pillar or channel lock

  • can also use the forked end of the halogen to sheer the valve stem of where it protrudes from the rim
  • Only on rimmed where w/ hubcaps removed
419
Q

The overall objective for is to position cribbing in _____ or more solid areas spread out equally to create that _____ _____

A

4 or more

Balanced platform

420
Q

Wood is _____ in nature meaning it is a mix of material and has a lack of uniformity

It is considered anisotropic in that property of each species can differ according to its growth ring and direction of the grain

A

Heterogenous

421
Q

Landing zone should measure

A

100x 100 ft

no less than 60x 60

422
Q

Landing zone is established by the ______ through a coordinate effort with the ____ ____

A

ground crew
flight crew
Both operators must agree

423
Q

Most air ambulances fly well in excess of _____mph

A

100

424
Q

If a propane tank relief valve does not activate or if it is overwhelmed, the tank will _____

A

BLEVE

425
Q

Concerns with fuel runoff ____ _______ ____ ___ all ways to control runoff 3 D’s and an A

A

Presence of ignition sources
Enviromental concersn
Reaction of fuel when they mix with each other or other products at the incident

Damming, Diverting, Diluting and absorbing

426
Q

Gas explosions and leak usually involve?

Occur due to leaking tanks or damage from over pressurization

A

Natural gas
Propane gas
Once leak has been located monitor all building in immediate area

427
Q

Do not use the spreaders as a push point for the Ram . After crushing the rocker panel

A

This will damage the spreaders

428
Q

In a dash roll, if the B post has been removed, Crimp the rocker panel to create a dip for the ram to sit in. Positions the tip of the ram _____

A

at the bottom corner of the A post ( where it meets the dash)

Make sure to crib under the rocker panel where the base of the ram is

429
Q

First step of a dash roll

A

remove the roof

430
Q

The C post is

A

Hollow

431
Q

A side out when done correctly can be completed in less than

A

5 mins

432
Q

The side out begins at the _______

  • Never lean against a door that is being spread
A

Rear door and progress forward

* Spread the B post off of the rocker panel. Make sure to crib under the B post rocker panel area pro to spreading

433
Q

Most common type of vehicle collisions

A

Side impact

Side out was introduced in 1999 Fire engineering magazine

434
Q

Popular to access the hinges to cut them when you cannot access a vehicle latch side

A

Wheel well crush technique

435
Q

Don’t spread door until it pops off the radar bolt or U bolt. You should ….

Window frame is known as ______

A

Expose the latch with a vertical spread and insert the cutters and make the cut

D ring

436
Q

Purchase point may be needed to expose a locking mechanism enough to insert a cutter.
This technique is known as:
A _____ is the best hydraulic tool for making a purchase point

A

Expose and cut

Hydraulic spreader

437
Q

With a partial ejection carefully insert towels around the head and neck _____ _______

Then use _______ to slowly cut away sections of laminated glass

A

From the direction the windshield was impacted

Trauma sheers

438
Q

Utilizes multiple layers of tempered glass laminated glass, laminated material, polycarbonate thermoplastics all andwhiched together to a desired thickness

A

Ballistic or bullet resistant glass

439
Q

_____ is not effective for cutting polycarbonate windshields. The heat cause by friction will reseal the incision.

A

Recip saw
K 12 will work but not recommended

  • One tool that shows promise is the hand held electric 5 inch dual action circular saw
440
Q

You should treat polycarboante windows as :

Options for removal

A

Part of the vehicle body

Remove the entire section as 1 piece
Utilize a prying tool or spreder to pry the window out of its casing
With the spreaders make a purchase point by crushing a section of the roof rail where the window is seated

441
Q

A thermoplastic material used in vehicle window applications

It is light durable plastic that is up to _____ times stronger than glass

A

Polycarbonate
250 times
* it will resist direct impacts from any striking tool on the apparatus

442
Q

Using the glass hand tool make two holes with the spiked end for purchase points at the ____

A

Top center and bottom center of the windshield

* avoid short strokes when cutting glass

443
Q

Removing a laminated glass windshield is best accomplished using ______

  • Remove rearview mirror to avoid it becoming a projectile when you strike the glass with the glass tool
A

2 rescuer working on opposite sides of the vehicle

444
Q

Cut windshield out with ______

A

Hand saw or recip saw

Always use respiratory protection N 95 filter

445
Q

Laminated glass is held in place by a ______

Usually used for windshields sometimes used for and side windows

A

Mastic type adhesive
That requires a cutting action of the glass itself to be removed

Avoid trying to scrape adhesive out very time consuming

446
Q

Start breaking glass at the

Tinted windows

A

Furthest point from the victim

Make a hole with a center much
create a space insert gloved hand and take whole section of glass out at once

447
Q

The process of removing a roof or a major structural component of the vehicle requiress

A

all glass to be removed from the vehicle

448
Q

Center punch only works on ______

Front windows or common passenger vehicle are _______ glass

A

Tempered glass most vehicle used tempered glass for side windows

laminate

449
Q

Managing your victim entails:

Dont remove pt from vehicle remove vehicle from pt

A

Victim access, care, packaging, removal

450
Q

Describes a objects balance in relation to its center of gravity

A

Footprint

451
Q

Secondary batteries can be located in

A

Rear trunk
Under front or rear seat
Under the right or left wheel well

Fold back tape when cut sections of cable to prevent cabled from touching terminals

452
Q

A smart key lets a driver start the car from _____ to ______ ft away

A

15 to 20

453
Q

To marry 2 vehicle. Anchor the ratchet strap to the _____ of the bottom vehicle, then loop the loose end through the ______. Make sure that the hook is facing ______

A

Lowest area of the passenger side A post of the bottom vehicle.
Through he B post of the top vehicle and back through securing it to itself
Up and outward to avoid hood dislodging when tension is applied

454
Q

MArrying 2 vehicle will eliminate ______
Best tool for this ______
Stabilize the bottom vehicle first using cribbing

A

Independent movement of the 2 objects

Industrial grade ratchet strap

  • use a pike pole to pass straps under a vehicle
  • Never crawl under the top vehicle
455
Q

Roof strength requirements
prior to 2012

post 2012

A

Equal to 1.5 times the unloaded weight of the vehicle

3 times the unloaded weight of the vehicle

While vehicle are on their roofs

456
Q

Never stack box cribbing more than ______

* initial cribbing goes to most unstable area

A

2 times the width

457
Q

With a vehicle on its roof there are usually 3 points of access

A

Drivers side
Passenger side
trunk
Cribbing should be placed to keep these area unobstructed

458
Q

A basic operation for stabilizing a vehicle on its side should take no longer than

Main advantage of A farm stabilization of a car on its side

A

3 to 5 mins

Roof area is free of any cribbing

459
Q

Create a purchase point with

After struts are in place ______

A

Spike end of a halogen and flat axe
Once its in pull down on halogen to create a bigger purchase point

Reseat all cribbing with a 4x4 or rubber mallet

460
Q

With a vehicle on its side the first strut should be placed at a ________ so that the tip of the strut can push off from it.

Maintain a angle of not less than _____

A

Sold section of the under carriage

45

461
Q

Rescuers at a extrication should work from ______. In a ___ stance.

A

One knee

Semi kneeling stance

462
Q

After inner/ outer survey is done the officer should _____ ______ as the other crew members begin cribbing

A

Place his hands on the front or rear section of the vehicle to feel for shifting or movement

DRIVER PROMOTION (2 decks)

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